Instituto Cervantes 06

Question 1

1. usually same subj in the 2 linked clause + if not, must add subj after inf
2. antes de que, después de que , hasta que + PRES subj = refer to the FUTURE
3. antes de que, después de que , hasta que + PAST subj = a CONDITION or S.TH IN THE PAST

Answer 1

1. When antes de, después de, hasta + inf?
2. When antes de que, después de que , hasta que + pres subj?
3. When antes de que, después de que , hasta que + past subj?

Question 2

1. antes de que + pret = NEVER,
2. después de que + pret = ONLY WHEN REFER TO THE PRESENT
3. desde que + pret = s.th that start in past + continues to now
4. hasta que + pret/past imp = s.th HABITUAL in present or past
5. refer to a point in time in past

Answer 2

1. When antes de que + pres pret or past imperf?
2. When después de que + pres pret or past imperf?
3. When desde que + pres pret OR perf pret? (ie choice)
4. When hasta que + pres pret OR past imperf?
5. When desde que or hasta que + past pret?

Question 3

1. AL PARECER, el fuego SE INICIÓ EN un coche que (iniciarse en, highlights the point in which s.th BEGAN)
2. ANTES DE QUE el conductor pudiera evitarlo, el MOTOR + PRENDIÓ FUEGO (antes de que + past subj cos refer to s.th in past)( prendar fuego)
3. Lo hice antes de llegar TÚ (antes de = + inf, BUT diff subj therefore + pronoun)
4. EN TALES CIRCUNSTANCIAS, un incendio podría ser DEVASTADOR.

Answer 3

1. IT SEEMS the fire STARTED in a car that (explain vb)
2. BEFORE the driver could stop it the ENGINE + CAUGHT FIRE (explain vb1 tense)(vb)
3. I did it before you arrived. (explain struct)
4. IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES a fire could be DEVESTATING.

Question 4

1. DESPUÉS DE QUE el único ocupante LOGRARA salir POR SU PROPIO PIE (después de que + past subj cos’ refer to s.th in past)
2. Me voy antes de que LLUEVA (antes de que + pres subj cos’ refer to future)
3. Dijo que no se iría hasta que nos pagásemos (H que + PAST subj = condition)
4. DICHA obra es, además, una de las más vendidas (AFOREMENTIONED) (La citada)

Answer 4

1. AFTER the only occupant managed to get out ON HIS OWN (explain vb tense)
2. I’m going before it rains (explain vb tense)
3. He said he wouldn´t go until we paid him (explain vb tense)
4. THE SAID work, besides, one of the most sold (referring to a book) (what else phrase mean?) (what alt phrase?)

Question 5

1. Cada año, el consumo de agua disminuye después de que el gobierno amenaza con restricciones (después de que + pres IND = cos’ referring to situation in the present ie still threatens)
2. Me fui después de que llegaran los músicos. (despés de que + PAST subj = refer to past situation)
3. Estuve en casa hasta que llamó Jaime (H que + D que + past ind = refer to point in time in the past)
4. EN TAL CASO, llevaos el móvil y baterías de REPUESTO. (from reponer, to replace)

Answer 5

1. Each year the consumption of water has diminished after the govt threaten[ed} restrictions (explain vb tense)
2. I left after the musicions arrived(explain vb tense)
   (explain vb tense)
3. I was in the house until James called. (explain vb tense)
4. IN THAT CASE take your mobile and SPARE batteries. (explain adj?)

Question 6

1. LA CITADA decisión, ya ha provocado diferentes reacciones. (Dicha)
2. Apenas vemos a Jorge desde que SALE con Lola (Desde que + pres pret OR ha -ido IF refer s.th in past that continue to now)
3. No podrás votar hasta que TENGAS 18 años. (H que + pres subj = refer to future)
4. el ABASTECIMIENTO de (N from vb abastecer - to supply or furnish)

Answer 6

1. THE AFOREMENTIONED decision has already provoked different reactions (what alt phrase?)
2. We scarcely see Jorge since he’s BEEN GOING OUT with Lola (explain vb tense)
3. You can´t vote until you´re 18 (explain vb tense)
4. the SUPPLY of (explain N + origin)

Question 7

1. Correré un poco por la playa antes de que se ponga el sol. (A de que + refer future = pres subj) (atardecer)
2. Luis, espera aqui hasta que llegue Charo (H que + refer future = pres subj)
3. Nunca me han subido el sueldo desde que trabajo aqui. (desde que + sit start in past and still applies = pres pret)
4. el DEPURACIÓN de (N from vb depurar - to refine + to purify) (purge eg your enemies)

Answer 7

1. I will run a little along the beach before the sun sets (explain vb tense) (what alt. vb)
2. Luis, wait here until Charo comes. (explain vb tense)
   (explain vb tense)
3. I haven’t had a pay rise since working here (explain vb tense)
4. the REFINEMENT of (explain N + origin)(what N mean in politics?)

Question 8

1. Baja la musica antes de que me enfade. (A de que + refer future = pres subj
2. Los ladrones escaparon antes de llegar la policía (antes de + inf + name as different subject)
3. Rogelio se fue antes de que terminara el concierto.
4. disolución (N from vb disolver - to dissolve)

Answer 8

1. Turn down the music before I get angry. (explain vb tense)
2. The thieves escaped before the police arrived. (antes de, explain)
3. Rogelio left before the concert finished
4. the solution (chemistry) (explain N + origin)

Question 9

1. ¿Te importaría quedar sobre esa hora?
2. Te ha llamado Javier justo después de que salieras de casa
3. la parte de la sociedad más CONCIENCIADO CON los PLANTEAMIENTOS de la ecología (from concenciar = to raise awareness, concenciarse de = to become aware) THINK - CONSCIOUS OF
4. el calentamiento global

Answer 9

1. Would you mind meeting around that time?
2. Javier called you just after you went out.
3. the part of society most SOCIALLY AWARE OF ecological APPROACHES (eg to a problem) (explain N + pronominal meaning)
4. global warming

Question 10

1. debemos sumar también otros menos PALPABLES o menos conocidos
2. que SE VIENE DANDO en los últimos años (venirse dando = is happening, but not for long)
3. que debe servirnos como ALICIENTE para realizar
4. sirve para PALIAR los efectos del cambio climático

Answer 10

1. we should add other less TANGIBLE or less well-known (use add as in include)
2. that HAS BEEN OCURRING in recent years
3. that should serve as AN INCENTIVE to make (as in carry out)
4. serves to ALLEVIATE the effects of climate change (vb not aliviar or mitigar)

Question 11

1. seres vivos
2. Esto PLANTEA un problema medioambiental (plantearse = to consider, ie think about, but plantear = to bring up or pose, as in to suggest)
3. caparazones y conchas
4. organizaciones SIN ÁNIMO DE LUCRO (lucro = ganancia)
5. reivindicación (from reivindicar)

Answer 11

1. living things or living creatures
2. this POSES an environmental problem (explain vb)
3. shells (of animals eg turtles) and shells (as in seashells)
4. NOT-FOR-PROFIT organisations (explain N)
5. claim or demand (N) eg same rights (from what vb?)

Question 12

1. el ÁMBITO de las industrias creativas
2. Los momentos de ocio han sido DEVORADOS por la VORÁGINE laboral (gobble up + wolf down, food) (whirlpool, water)
3. dos MARIQUITAS en la puerta de mi FRIGORIFICO
4. financiación colectiva

Answer 12

1. the SPHERE of the creative industries (as in area of knowledge)
2. the moments of leisure had been DEVOURED by the MAELSTROM of work (what else vb mean x2) (what else N mean?)
3. two LADYBIRDS on the door of my FRIDGE
4. crowd funding

Question 13

1. meta
2. contar su historia a través de viñetas (bullet point eg in a list)
3. recaudar
4. las mujeres las que PERTURBAN a la sociedad (to disturb, a situation OR confuse, a person)
5. conciliar

Answer 13

1. target + objective + finish line
2. to tell their story through CARTOON(S) (STRIPS) (what else mean?)
3. to take in money + to collect taxes
4. the women which UNSETTLE society
5. to find a balance between + reconcile

Question 14

1. soy escéptico (de que)
2. desempeñar su trabajo (realizar)
3. en comparación CON el pasado
4. lo que realmente QUEDAR BIEN es quejarse (to look good in, as in to suit eg clothes + to get along with s.o)
5. temo A hacer EL ridículo

Answer 14

1. I´m sceptical (that)
2. TO DO their job (as in to perform their work) (alt vb?)
3. compared TO the past
4. what really MAKES A GOOD IMPRESSION is complaining ( vb alt meaning x2)
5. I´m scared of making a fool of myself

Question 15

1. estoy (DE trabajo) hasta las cejas
2. la CONSTATACIÓN DE que (finding, as in VERIFICATION or CONFIRMATION from vb constatar)
3. TENDEMOS a pensar que es un fracasado (to hang (out), as in clothes ie COLGAR + to lay out or down, sth ie TUMBAR)
4. muchas personas se definen a si mismas por su trabajo

Answer 15

1. I’m under the pump + I’m up to my eyeballs (with work)
2. the CONFIRMATION (or FINDING) that (explain N)
3. we TEND to think that it is a failure (vb + 2 other meanings + synonyms)
4. many people defined themselves by their work

Question 16

1. la autora ha CONSTATADO que muchos de sus compatriotas (m)
2. en las grandes URBES americanas (f - major city, big city)
3. el PANORAMA quizás ES menos DESOLADOR en Europa (heartbreaking)
4. quizás = followed by both indic or subj. Here not 100% sure but pretty confident in view = indic

Answer 16

1. the author has FOUND that many of her countrymen
2. in the big MAJOR American CITIES
3. the OUTLOOK is perhaps less DISTRESSING in Europe (what else adj mean?)
4. Why verb tense in 4?

Question 17

1. nos gustar ALARDEAR DE que estamos demasiado ocupados
2. El sinvergüenza SE JACTABA DE haber asaltado a una pareja de ancianos.
3. jactarse is stronger than alardear.
4. presumir
5. para ayudar a EMPRENDEDORES que necesitan FINANCIACIÓN

Answer 17

1. we like to BRAG ABOUT (how) we’re too busy
2. the scoundrel BRAGGED ABOUT having assaulted an elderly couple
3. Which vb re brag or boast is stronger? What is the most usual vb for bragging?
4. What is most usual vb for to brag or boast?
5. to help START-UPS that need FUNDING