Instituto Cervantes 02_03

Question 1

1. No siento ningún reparo en decirlo. (A. reparo = reservation or doubt, not reticencia) (use inf to refer to present or furure, not gerund)
2. TANTO ES ASÍ QUE os lo recomiendo.

Answer 1

1. I don’t feel any reticience in saying it (A. what N for reticence) (B. what structure saying it)
2. SO MUCH SO THAT I recommend it.

Question 2

1. Primero, el libro está escrito DE una manera SENCILLA (ie straightforward)
2. , por consiguiente, puedo ENTENDER la historia. (seguir)
3. Si no hubiese conocido a mi pareja, ahora no estaría viviendo en Sídney.
4. Si hubiese salido antes de casa, no habría (hubiera) perdido el autobús. (cond past + conseq past) (si + hubiera ido + , + habría-hubiera ido)

Answer 2

1. First, the book is written IN an ACCESSIBLE manner.
2. hence, I could FOLLOW the story (what vb not)
3. If I hadn’t met my partner I wouldn’t now be living in Sydney. (why struct?) (what struct?)
4. If I had left the house EARLIER I wouldn´t have missed the bus. (why struct?) (what struct?)

Question 3

1. A MODO DE EJEMPLO, me esforzaba mucho POR leer (esforzarse por)
2. ¡Vaya desierto estéril QUE es! (descr + que + vb)
   3, hubiera/hubiese + participio
   4a. optar por un tratamiento
   4b. eligir un tratamiento
   4c. decidirse por un tratamiento

Answer 3

1. FOR EXAMPLE, I really tried TO read X (not por ejemplo) (why that TO)
2. What a sterile desert it is! (her interior world) (Nb the structure)
3. What is the pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo?
4. We “usar” la medicina, but what vb re treatment x3?

Question 4

1. A pesar de mis buenas intenciones, no lo terminé de LEER (can’t be partic cos’ not compound vb, so use inf)
2. EN VISTA DE aquellas experiencias (No que cos’ no vb)
3. Si tuviera mucho dinero, lo donaría a una Organización No Gubernamental.(cond present hypoth or v unlikely + present-future conseq) (si + past imp subj + , + cond)
   4a. Es un tema que provoca controversia
   4b. Es un tema controvertido

Answer 4

1. Inspite of my best intentions I didn’t finish reading it (grammatical pt?)
2. GIVEN-CONSIDERING those experiences (grammitical pt?)
3. If I had a lot of money I would donate it to a non-governmental organisation. (why struct?) (what struct?)
4. how say, “it is a controversial subject” x2?

Question 5

1a. ¿Has ida hoy a la ofi? (not where hoy is)
1b. ¿Fuiste a la ofi ayer?
2. Perdon por volverte loco con los días.
3. habría + participio
4a. mi visión
4b. mu punta de vista

Answer 5

1a. Did you go to the office today? (infml) (Elvira)
1b. Did you go to the office yesterday?
2. Sorry for driving you nuts-crazy with the days. (Elvira)
3. What is the condicional compuesto?
4. how say, “my view” x 2?

Question 6

1. Si + condition (vb = indic) + comma + conseq (vb = pres ind or simple future or imp)
   2a. Si + condition (vb = past imperf subj) + comma + conseq (vb = simple conditional)
   2b. Use struct if a real situation (not a hypothetical) + conseq highly unlikely to happen.
2. Si + condition (vb = hubiera/ese + participle) + comma + conseq (vb = simple conditional)
3. Si + condition (vb = hubiera/ese + participle) + comma + conseq (vb = habría + ido or hubiera + ido (less common))

Answer 6

1. condición presente real y consecuencia presente + futura (structure 1)
2. condición presente irreal y consecuencia presente + futura (structure 2) (what other situation use this struct)
3. condición pasada irreal y consecuencia presente + futura (structure 3)
4. condición pasada irreal y consecuencia pasada which didn’t happen (structure 4)

Question 7

1. If Joe wants he could be an excellent singer.
   1b. If Joe had wanted he could be an excellent singer.
   1c. 1a = present hypoth situation or v unlikely + present or future cons. 1b = past hypoth situation with present or future cons.
2. EVIDENCIAS científicas (use prueba with the idea of test or to prove)
3. fundamentarse en (la ciencia) + basarse en

Answer 7

1a. Si Joe quisiera, podría ser un excelente catante.
1b. Si Joe hubiera querido, podría ser un excelente catante.
1c. Whats the diff between 1a and 1b?
4. scientific PROOF (what isn´t it?)
5. to be based on (science) + alt?

Question 8

1a. You wouldn´t have problems with your boss if you did what he tells you.
1b. You wouldn´t have had problems with your boss if you did what he told you
1c. 1a = present hypoth situation or v unlikely + present or future cons. 1b = past hypoth situation with present or future cons.
4. tratamiento antiguo (not anciano)

Answer 8

1a. No tendrías problemas con tu jefe, si hicieras lo que él te dice.
1b. No tendrías problemas con tu jefe, si hubieras hecho lo que él te dice.
1c. Whats the diff between 1a and 1b?
4. OLD treatment (what word don’t use for old?)

Question 9

1. María Montessori, la primera mujer italiana EN graduarse en Medecina
2. dando clase a 50 estudiantes (dar clase)
3. este método está VIGENTE en más de (in force)
4. son evaluados MEDIANTE los votos

Answer 9

1. Maria Montessori, the first Italian woman TO graduate in medicine.
2. TEACHING 50 students (to teach = enseñar)
3. this method is IN USE in more than (here N refers to custom or practice, what mean in a legal context?)
4. they are evaluated BY MEANS OF votes

Question 10

1. Esto SUPONE un gran transformación de … (suponer)
2. Una hierba, usada POR SÍ SOLA, no puede ser tan EFICAZ
3. MEDIANTE EL EQUILIBRIO de las fuerzas opuestas (equilibrio = balance or harmony)
4. Los estudios preliminares sobre la ENREDADERA X
5. se sugirió su eficacia clinica en tratamiento de (sugerir)

Answer 10

1. That MEANS a great transformation of … (as in IMPLIES, vb)
2. A herb, used ON ITS OWN, mightn´t be so EFFECTIVE
3. BY BALANCING the opposing forces
4. Preliminary studies about the VINE-CREEPER X …
5. SUGGESTED its efficacy in [the] treatment of (vb)

Question 11

1. La primera vez QUE abandonó sus estudios
2. ES POR ESO QUE retomó sus estudios
3. dicidió reincoporarse AL ÁMBITO LABORAL (AL MUNDO LABORAL) (reincorporarse A)
4. se apuntó A un curso (apuntarse A)
5. me parece que A ninguna le gusta estudiar

Answer 11

1. The first time he abandoned his studies (Cristina corrections)
2. THAT IS WHY she resumed her studies
3. he decided to go back to the WORKPLACE-LABOUR MARKET (x2) (what note re vb?)
4. he enrolled in a course (what note re vb?)
5. I think that nobody likes studying

Question 12

1. Ambos V y R SE REFIEREN a LAS malas condiciones laborales (referirSE)
2. Como el trabajo LE hacía sentirse mal consigo misma (nb consigo is invariable)
3. LE queda un curso por delante antes DE titularse (cos’ quedarSE is to remain)
4. No estoy cien por cien seguro de quiÉn ha … pero, supongo que ERA

Answer 12

1. Both V and R referred to the bad working conditions (what about the vb?)
2. since the job her feel bad about herself (Cristina corrections)
3. she has one course left before graduating (why that pronoun?)
4. I´m not 100% sure WHO has … but, I suppose it WAS

Question 13

1. No me han COGIDO trabajar en la escuela donde lo soliticité. (very specialised use coger + trabajar ie contratar)
2. Le encanta su trabajo. No obstante, PERCIBE menos del SALARIO MÍNIMO INTERPROFESIONAL (percibir 2 meanings = perceive + receive, as in get paid $)
3. perdurar
4. Otras especies hubieron tenido más PROTAGONISMO …

Answer 13

1. They didn´t TAKE me ON to work in the school where I applied. (explain to take on)
2. She loves her job. However she RECEIVES less than the MINIMUM WAGE (explain vb receives)
3. to endure, to last
4. Other species would have had greater PROMINENCE (or importance) …

Question 14

1. EN ESTE PERIODO tengo mucho trabajo
2. acabé llevando a mi pareja al hospital (acabar, idea of a THING or an ACTION reaching its end, hence to end up taking)
3. él quería probar y ver si era capaz de cocinar para mí los canoli italianos (1. in inf) (2. for me THEN the thing)

Answer 14

1. AT THE MOMENT I have a lot of work (Cristina, not talking this instant but generally)
2. I ENDED UP taking up my partner to hospital (comment about vb)
3. he wanted to try and see if he was capable of cooking italian cannelloni for me (1. nb form of 2nd vb) (2. note position of ‘for me’)

Question 15

1. En este caso, utilizando el presente, se DA A ENTENDER que + indic present (dar a entender = suponer) (passive formal writing)
2. Si el niño se lo hubiera dicho una vez y es algo pasado, entonces SÍ QUE podríamos decir
3. APARENTA ser un tratamiento seguro (aparentar = paracer)
4. hay médicos que SE ANUNCIAN como homeópatas (anunciar = to advertise, hence anunciarse)

Answer 15

1. In this case, using the present IMPLIES-SUGGESTS that … (vb - to imply, to suggest, to lead to believe + syn) (why se?)
2. If the child had said it to her once and it is something past, then CERTAINLY we could say …. (or OF COURSE) (Cristina)
3. APPEARS to be a safe treatment (appear, as in give the impression + syn)
4. there are doctors that ADVERTISE THEMSELVES as homeopaths (explain vb)

Question 16

1. un hospital que SE RIGE + POR la filosofia de este DUDOSO sistema curativo (regirse - to be guided by, is softer way of saying TO BE GOVERNED BY)
2. la alquimia
3. AFECCIONES que podían curarse solas
4. la aplicación del ENSAYO clínico (essay + rehearsal)

Answer 16

1. a hospital that IS GUIDED BY the philosophy of this SUSPECT (DUBIOUS) healing system (explain vb)
2. alchemy
3. ILLNESSES that could heal themselves on their own (not enfermedades)
4. the application of the clinical TRIAL (other 2 meanings of N?)

Question 17

1. SURGE + DE las ideas de Samuel (surgir + de)
2. para cuestionar los POSTULADOS de …
3. la homeopatía SE BENEFICIOSA + DE una excepción (beneficiarse de)
4. los productos homeopáticos viven en un VACÍO legal (adj = empty)
5. llevaríamos boinas negras y FUMARÍAMOS gauloises (when vb y vb, vb2 must be in same tense as 1st, NOT inf)

Answer 17

1. ARISING + FROM the ideas of Samuel (arising from, as in to appear)
2. to question the HYPOTHESIS of (question, as in challenge) (N = formal word for hipótesis)
3. homeopathy BENEFITS + FROM an exception (vb to benefit from)
4. homeopathic products live in a legal VOID (what N mean as Adj)
5. we would wear black berets and SMOKE gauloises (why 2nd vb in tense it is?)

Question 18

1. el dolor no es como una AMAPOLA
2. como lavativas, sangrados
3. Comenzíaremos el día con un cruasán y un cortado
4. Acarabíamos el día por cerrando las CONTRAVENTANAS(por to indicate mode NOT por to indicate cause)
5. El restaurante del amor abre sus puertas a nuevos COMENSALES con ganas de encontrar a su MEDIA NARANJA

Answer 18

1. Pain is not like a POPPY (as in the flower)
2. like laxatives, bleedings
3. We would start the day with a croissant and a SHORT BLACK.
4. We would finish the day by shutting the SHUTTERS (why por cerrando not por cerrar)
5. The love restaurant opens its doors to new DINERS keen to meet their SOULMATE (if already in a couple = BETTER HALF) (First Dates)