Instituto Cervantes 05_07

Question 1

1. Having persianas i_s_ very Spanish… (NB - structure - change → is very NZ, is very English)
2. In the rest of the [world, not lit], instead of blinds, at best** (or **at most**), you will see **block-out curtains that block out the sun.
3. we air-out [the house] every day in the morning for a few minutes to expel the dust particles** and **dust mites.
4. What we usually do is get comfortable** when we get home, **change out of our street clothes into our pyjamas and put on our slippers, (clue: 1. when NOT cuando 2.our x2 not separate preps)

Answer 1

1. Tener persianas es _muy de aqu_í,… (es muy de Nueva Zelanda, es muy de Inglaterra)
2. En el resto de países, en lugar de persianas, como mucho**, podrás ver **cortinas opacas que tapan el sol.
3. renovamos el aire cada día por las mañanas durante unos minutos para expulsar las partículas de polvo y los ácaros.
4. Lo que solemos hacer es acomodarnos** al llegar a casa, **cambiarnos la ropa de calle por el pijama y calzarnos nuestras zapatillas,

Question 2

1. The brazier is very villagey, but we love the warmth it brings to the [large] rooms. (clue: think give rather than bring in spanish)
2. This is usually found in the living room or sitting room** (or **drawing room) of our homes. (Clue: in either case it is a small room)
3. It is a metal container in which one tosses charcoal or embers and it is used to heat up . (Clue: use this loc vb = to be, when referring to s.th mentioned, often = to be about)
4. in big cities this form of heating isn’t seen so much anymore.

Answer 2

1. El brasero es muy de pueblo, pero nos encanta el calorcito que da a las estancias
2. Este suele encontrarse en el salón o la salita de estar de nuestras viviendas
3. Se trata de un recipiente de metal en el que se echa carbón o brasas y sirve para calentar …
4. en las grandes ciudades esta forma de calentarse ya no se ve tanto

Question 3

1. Stucco was very common in the 1960s,
2. … it consists of spreading {Spanish name for a glutinous paint**] thicker than **usual, in order to create drops or lumps on the surface. (I don’t know name of Aussie equiv)
3. The final finish is lumpy
4. The same** (or **The same to you) (ie what say back to s.o with out repeating what they said)(from First Dates)

Answer 3

1. El gotelé era muy habitual en los años sesenta,
2. . … consiste en esparcir pintura al temple** más espesa de **lo habitual, con el fin de crear gotas o grumos en la superficie.
3. El acabado final es grumoso
4. Lo mismo te digo

Question 4

1. For us, it is common to have this domestic appliance in the kitchen,
2. In other countries, the washing machine is located in a room dedicated to laundry** (or **washing** [clothes]) **OR** it is placed in the **bathroom**. (NB: **OR = used to introduce possibility)
3. in many cases, one** also **often has in what we call the laundry room or store room** (= **utility room in the U.S.)

Answer 4

1. Para nosotros es habitual tener este electrodoméstico en la cocina,
2. En otros países, la lavadora se encuentra en una habitación dedicada a la colada** **o bien** la colocan en **el cuarto de baño.
3. en muchas ocasiones se suele tener también en lo que llamamos lavadero o galería.

Question 5

1. hacerse + adj/N → what kinds of change? A. General. B. People C. Things
2. ponerse + adj → what kinds of change? A. General B. People/Animals C. Things
3. volverse + adj/N → what kinds of change? A. General. B. People

Answer 5

1. A. slow, longlasting, natural or voluntary B. profession + ideology + religion +age + socio-economic C. weather + characteristics + natural phenomena
2. A. rapid, momentary, involuntary B. emotional state + behaviour + physical aspect or condition C. physical aspect
3. A. rapid, longlasting, involuntary B. attitude + personality/character + socio-economic

Question 6

1. quedarse + adj/partic → what kind of change? A. General B. Persons
2. llegar a ser + adj/N → what kind of change? A. General B. Persons
3. convertir(se)/tranformarse (en) + un + N → what kind of change? A. General B. Persons C. Things

Answer 6

1. A. momentary or longlasting, normally involuntary, habitual, consequence of earlier action B. emotional state + physical state (imply loss) + familiar position (imply loss)
2. A. gradual + longlasting + positive B. profession + socio-economic
3. A. rapid + longlasting + radical + involuntary B. profession + physical aspect (almost magical) C. function + social phenomen + natural phenomen

Question 7

1. What + why? Un cocho atropelló a mi perro, que ? ? cojo
2. W+W? La casa de Machado en Segovia ? ? museo?
3. W+W? ? ha ? muy tarde. Tenemos que irnos ya.
4. W+W? Ana ? está ? mayor
5. W+W? Lola ? ha ? inferma

Answer 7

1. se quedó (cojo = lame) = quedarse ← consq previous action ie the car + longlasting
2. se convertió en ← function** (ie Museo) + **radically diff + longlasting
3. Se ha hecho muy tarde = it’s too late → hacerse = natural change
4. se está haciendo mayor → hacerse = slow change + longlasting + natural + age
5. se ha puesto enferma ← physical cond** of **people/animals + momentary + rapid + involuntary

Question 8

1. W+W? Empezó con poco y ? ? rico y fomoso despúes de unos años
2. W+W? Lola ? ha ? rica porque su tió murió y …
3. W+W? El cielo ? ha ? oscuro de repente
4. W+W? El hielo ? ? agua con calor
5. W+W? A 100 grados el agua ?? vapor

Answer 8

1. se hizo rico (OR ha llegado a ser rico) ← socio-economic cond + slow
2. se ha vuelta rica ← socio-economic cond + rapid
3. se ha puesto oscura ← physical aspect** of a **thing + rapid + momentary
4. se hace agua ← natural phenomen + slow + longllasting
5. se convierte en vapor ← natural phenomen + rapid + longlasting

Question 9

1. W+W? Muchos hombres ? ? calvos
2. W+W? Me gato ? ? triste cuando se queda solo
3. W+W? Doña Elvira ? ? viuda pronto
4. W+W? Dorotea ? ha ? protestante
5. W+W? Los tomates ? ha ? maduros rápidamente

Answer 9

1. se quedan calvos ← physical state with change imply loss + longlasting (or momentary) + often involuntary
2. se puso triste ← emotional state + momentary + rapid
3. se quedó viuda ← family state with change imply loss + longlasting (or momentary) + often involuntary
4. se ha hecho protestante ← religion + voluntary + slow + longlasting
5. se ha puesto maduros ← physical state of thing + rapid + involuntary

Question 10

1. What are vbs derived from adjs USED FOR?
2. What is the subtlety of vbs derived from adjs?
3. What is their grammatical feature and why?
4. Change to use these verbs: La crisis ha abaratado los precios de muchos productos
5. What 4 vbs x 2 forms derived from: A. pequeño B. grande C. cerca D. lejos

Answer 10

1. These vbs are used to express changes
2. the vb means to enter into that state or situation eg triste → entristecerse = to feel** (or **got) sad/depressed
3. has vb form AND vb + se form= the person, animal of thing that experiences the change is the subject
4. Los precios SE han abaratado a causa de la crisis.
5. A. em**pequeñ**ecer** + (se) B. **a**grand**ar** + (se) C. **a**cerc**ar** + (se) D. **a**lej**ar + (se)

Question 11

1. adj → vb: A. caro/a B. barato/a
2. adj → vb: A. pobre B. rico/a
3. adj → vb: A. popular B. fácil
4. adj → vb: A. dificll B. normal
5. adj → vb: A. digital B simple

Answer 11

1. A. en**car**acer** + (se) B. **a**barat**ar + (se)
2. A. em**pobre**cer** + (se) B. **en**riqu**ecer + (se)
3. A. popularizar** + (se) B. facilit_ar_** + (se)
4. A. dificultar** + (se) B. normal_izar_** + (se)
5. A. digitilizar** + (se) B. simpl_ificar_** + (se)

Question 12

1. During the ads (as in advertisement break on tele)
2. W&W: El uso obligatorio de la mascarilla ? ha ? algo habitual en nuestra rutina.
3. Why change vb not hacerse?
4. Which change vbs are substitute for ser?
5. What change vbs are substitutes for estar?

Answer 12

1. Durante la publi
2. … se ha vuelto algo habitual en nuestra rutina → volverrse ← A. rapid + longlasting + involuntary change
3. volverse → emphasises the contrast with the situation before (ie focuses on the past) CF hacers → emphasises what become w/out caring about past (ie focuses on the future)
4. ser role → describe their essence ie 1. identify characteristics + 2. pidgeon hole = hacerse** + **volverse
5. estar role → describe the state people + thing in ← volverse** (change longlasting) + **ponerse** (change momentary) + **quedarse (change result of s.th)

Question 13

1. This morning I tested positive for COVID. (Elvi) (Note the structure)
2. I hope I haven´t infected you.
3. … and that if you´re infected [the symptoms are] mild. [] = diff construction to Eng
4. for the moment I’m negative (referring to the test result)

Answer 13

1. Esta mañana he dado positivo en COVID.
2. Ojalá no te haya contagiado.
3. … y que si te contagia** sea con síntomas **leves
4. por el momento doy negativo

Question 14

1. I’m a bit worn-out (or jaded) from hearing the poor fella whimpering (or whining or grizzling) today. (Cristina)
2. but today he wouldn’t let me do the test properly. (clue: her son)(Reason - PAS not used to this adv being used this way)
3. we’ll see what he gets in the test tomorrow (clue - medical test + word order)
4. There’s no stopping us*** (or ***No one can stop us, more lit_)_

Answer 14

1. Estoy un poco saturada hoy de oírle lloriquear al pobre
2. pero hoy no me dejaba bien hacerle el test
3. Mañana a ver qué le da en el test
4. No hay quien nos pare (Chus)

Question 15

1. If your favourite summer destination is always overcrowded (Idealista) (expl unusual adj → verb)
2. the long weekend in May is the perfect opportunity to visit it quietly and without having to fork out** (or **having to cough up**) too much_._** (loc vb)
3. your first dip of the year (loc vb = to take a dip or to dive in + reg vb)
4. It seems the package has arrived, _or so_ Coco tells me. (Clue: Spanish struct has diff words to Eng struct)

Answer 15

1. Si tu destino veraniego favorito siempre está masificado (masificar = open to everyone → masificarse = to get overcrowded/packed)
2. el puente de mayo es la oportunidad perfecta para visitarlo tranquilamente y sin rascarte** demasiado **el bolsillo**. (**rascarse el bolsillo)
3. vuestro primer chapuzón del año (darse un chapuzón** = **zumbillirse)
4. Parece que ha llegado el paquete, _según_ me dice Coco (more norm - according to)

Question 16

1. Fran is a gladiator in his spare time**, but in his **busy time, he is a slaughterman and also a stripper. (FDates)
2. I’m working half days this week.
3. I´m also in the midst** (or **middle**) **of trying to buy a house.
4. I guess the pattern of your week will be the same next week. (where pattern = repeat behaviour + on a fabric)(to guess, as in to suppose or reckon)
5. I’ll let you know. (Rafael)

Answer 16

1. Fran es gladiador e_n sus_ ratos libres, pero en sus ratos ocupados, matarife y también stripper (ie trabajar en matadero)
2. Estoy trabajando medio día esta semana.
3. Estoy en medio de intentar comprar una casa.
4. Me imagino que el patrón de tu semana será el mismo la próxima semana. (imaginarse)
5. Ya te indicaré