Instituto Cervantes 03_02

Question 1

1. para SORTEAR los apuros económicos
2. Las ESTRECHECES de las familias refugiadas por la guerra en Siria (estrechez)
3. un ALZA DE los ENLACES concertados (-> concertar = to arrange)
4. Neila JUGUETEA CON una reluciente pulsera de oro

Answer 1

1. to NEGOTIATE economic hardship (vb, idea of to avoid a difficulty) (El Pais)
2. The HARDSHIPS (faced by = of) the refugee families from the war in Syria (hardship,due to lack of money = N + diff to 1. above)
3. a RISE in ARRANGED marrriages (NOT boda) (arranged adj -> vb (fml))
4. Neila FIDGETED with a shiny gold bracelet (vb - to play with, as in to entertain oneself)

Question 2

1. La SORTIJA que lleva es parte de la dote
2. tras ser casada por su familia en un ASENTAMIENTO informal
3. FRONTERIZA con Siria
   4a. El desplome de la economía libanesa produce ESTRAGOS en la población más vulnerable
   4b. estrago (N) = devestation
   4c. estragar = to ravage, to ruin CF estregar = to scour, as in to rub hard or apply friction

Answer 2

1. the RING that she wears is [a] part of her dowry (N = particularly rings with adornment or precious stones)
2. after being married by her family in an informal SETTLEMENT
3. BORDERING (adj) with Syria
   4a. The collapse of the Lebanese economy IS WREAKING HAVOC in the most vulnerable population
   4b. N -> vb
   4c. what diff one letter in a vb makes?

Question 3

1a. Un día, a comienzos de año y DE IMPROVISO
1b improviso -> DE improviso
2. RECURRIENDO Al término que se emplea en árabe (recurrir + to appeal eg a case)
3a. A su CORTA EDAD, la vida ya se ha cebado con ella:
3a. cebarse con = to take it out on OR to vent your rage on + cebar = to fatten up

Answer 3

1a. One day, at the beginning of the year and OUT OF THE BLUE = UNEXPECTEDLY
1b. how adj (unexpected) -> loc prep (without warning)
2. RESORTING TO the term used in arabic (vb = to turn to + what mean in legal context)
3a. At her YOUNG AGE (think: brief, short), life has already taken its toll on her
3b. explain prn vb to take its toll on + single vb meaning (strange the change in meaning)

Question 4

1. un ASENTAMIENTO informal (N -> asentarse = to settle, or settle down - in a place)
   2a. la gran BAJADA de la economía libanesa
   2b. bajada = decline, as in lowering -> bajar = to lower (or go down eg a hill) + Not bajo = low (already there)
2. En esta atmósfera ESPERAZANDORA fue NACIÓ
3. velar por alguien = estar pendiente de

Answer 4

1. an informal SETTLEMENT (ie where the refugees are living) (Explain N -> vb)
   2a. the steep DECLINE of the lebanese economy
   2b. explain decline (N) origin + what not and why
2. In this HOPEFUL atmosphere was BORN
3. to look after s.o (ie watch out/over them)(vb) + alt exp

Question 5

1. las personas A invitar son muchos
2. datos sensibles + datos personales
3. no estudies, no vaya a ser que saques un 10
4. acosador ->ciberacosador
5. las PREVISIONES de los SONDEOS

Answer 5

1. There are lots of people TO invite (structure 7, finalidad)
2. sensitive data + personal data
3. (if) you don’t study, PERHAPs you’ll get a 10 (say out of a 100) (structure 6, finalidad to avoid s.th happening)
4. stalker ->cyberstalker
5. the PREDICTIONS of the POLLS (eg election)

Question 6

1. la policia usa dispositivos de VIDEOVIGILANCIA con el objeto de que se disminuya el nivel de crimen.
2. bajo el AMPARO de la ley
   2b. El acusado SE AMPARÓ EN su derecho DE no declarar. (ampararse en)
   2c. from ampararse de - to shelter oneself from)
3. la letra pequeña
4. uso INDEBIDO

Answer 6

1. the police use CCTV [devices} IN ORDER TO reduce the level of crime. (fml) (structure 2, finalidad, alt to para que)
   2a. under the law (exp)
   2b. The accused EXERCISED his right to not testify. (vb ie to have recourse to in law)
   2c. explain origin of vb
2. the small print
3. IMPROPER (or WRONGFUL legal meaning eg dismissal)

Question 7

1. una lista de MOROSOS (N = bad debtor, defaulter, adi - delinquent, both idea of non-payment)
2. me pidió que les proporcionara los datos de mis empleados (proporcionar)
3. un orden de registro
   3b. hacer/poner una denuncia/demanda
4. El PROJECTO DE LEY + SE SOMETERÁ A LA REVISIÓN del comité parlamentario y quizás SE HAGAN revisiones a algunos de sus requerimientos.

Answer 7

1. a list of BAD DEBTORS (what mean if N + if adj?)
   2 asked me to PROVIDE them with my employees’ details (vb, fml word)
2. a warrant (to enter premises)
   3b. to file a complaint/ claim (ie against s.o) (x2)
3. The BILL will be SUBJECT TO REVIEW by parliamentary committee and and revisions MAY BE MADE to some of its requirements.

Question 8

1a. Había más de cien SOLICITANTES la beca
1b. solicitar ->Pres partic of solicitar = apply for + fml + N replace personas que solicitaron
2. entrar en vigor cf estar en vigor
3. CUMPLIR las instrucciones y requerimentos
4a. TRAMITAR las consultas, solicitudes y reclamos
4b solicitud = application, as in a WRITTEN request
solicitación = request/application general
5. Una vez que la ley HAYA sido aprobada por parlamento y promulgada …

Answer 8

1. There were more than 100 APPLICANTS FOR the scholarship.
   1b. explain APPLICANTS FOR
2. to come into force cf to be in force (a law)
3. to COMPLY WITH the instructions and requirements
   4a. to PROCESS the inquiries, applications and complaints
   4b explain N = application + diff to the alternative
4. Once the law HAS been passed by parliament and promulgated …

Question 9

1. By adding the suffixes -ante or -iente
   2a. as an ADJ to express an active meaning
   2b. sin despertar al monstruo DURMIENTE
   3a. as a N for the person doing the action
   3b. durmiente = la persona que duerme
   4a. in formal expression (adj) as an alt structure to relative sentences
   4b. la información CONCERNIENTE a individuos concretos (fml)
   4c. la información que concierne a individuos concretos (nml)

Answer 9

1. How do form the participio presente (PP)
   2a. What is the 1st limited ue of PPs?
   2b. without waking the sleeping monster
   3a. What is the 2nd limited use of PPs?
   3a. eg the sleeper
   4a. What is the 3rd limited use of PPs?
   4b. the information CONCERNING specific individuals (fml)
   4c. the information THAT CONCERNS specific individuals (nml)

Question 10

1a. Los expertos auguran que el año ENTRANTE reportará beneficios a escala global. (reportar, as in to yield, bring, generate)
1b. Entrante ->Pres partic of entrar, fml + adj replace que entra
2. garantizar la PERMANENCIA en la empresa
3. el fondo de pensiones
4a. la PERTENENCIA + A sindicatos
4b. los países PERTENECIENTES + A (eg union europeo)
4c. perteneciente = pres part pertenecer (belong to) + fml context + replace que + vb struct

Answer 10

1a. The experts predict that the COMING year will BRING benefits on a global scale (vb - to bring, explain)
1b. Explain grammar pt re COMING
2. to guarantee the CONTINUATION in the company
3. the pension fund
4a. union MEMBERSHIP (N)
4b. the MEMBER countries (adj)
4c. explain adj 4b?

Question 11

1a. El festival recupera el rock PRECEDENTE a la movida madrileña
1b. present participle (preceder) = fml adj instead of que + precedió
2. cumplir las expectativas de los mercados
3. Durante MUCHA PARTE del año 2018
4. La Comisión Real recibió 10.323 PRESENTACIONES de LAS CUALES 61% ESTÁN RELACIONADAS CON el sector BANCARIO

Answer 11

1a. the festival recovers the rock PRECEEDING that madrileña movida
1b. Explain PRECEEDING
2. to MEET market expectations (as in to fulfill/achieve)
3. For/during MUCH OF 2018
4. The Royal Commission received 10,323 SUBMISSIONES of WHICH 61% RELATED TO the BANKING sector

Question 12

1a. El presidente SALIENTE ha llamado a su rival para felicitarlo personalmente.
1b. present participle (salir) = fml adj instead of que + sale
2. Cuatro mujeres con SENDOS parasoles
3. individuales en estrecheces económicas A LOS cuales/que se les habían DADO un mal CONSEJO (not aconsejo)
4. en la atmósfera de recriminación PREVALECIENTE aquellas razones faltaban DE resonancia

Answer 12

1a. The OUTGOING president called his rival to congratulate him personally.
1b. Explain OUTGOING
2. Four ladies EACH with parasoles (fml + always in pl)
3. individuals in economic hardship WHO had been GIVEN bad ADVICE
4. in the prevailing atmosphere of recrimination those reasons lacked resonance

Question 13

1a. EN LO REFERENTE A las escuelas, la inversión fue de 1,5 millones de euros.
1b. present participle (referirse - to refer) = fml + N instead of que + se refiere
2. dar luz verde a + un proyecto
3. recomendaciones para mejorar el sistema, que la mayoría de LAS CUALES afectan a las instituciones financieras REGULANTES
4. La idea es separar el punto de VENTA del producto primaria de …

Answer 13

1. WITH REGARDS TO the schools, the investment was 1.5m Euros
   1b. Explain WITH REGARDS TO or IN RELATION TO
2. to give the green light to + a proyect (ie give the go ahead)
3. recommendations to improve the system, the mayority of WHICH affect REGULATED financial institutions
4. The idea is to separate the point of SALE of the primary product from …

Question 14

1a. Los pisos y casas PROCEDENTES DE herencias ofrecen posibilidades para el negocio inmobiliario.
1b. present participle (proceder de - to come from, as in to originate in) = fml + N instead of que + se refiere
2. desde otrO puntO de vista
3. Una investigación había concluido que algunas de estas PÓLIZAS de seguro proporcionaron muy poco valor a los consumidores.
4. almacén (almacenar = to store)

Answer 14

1a. Apartments and houses COMING FROM inheritances offer possibilities for the real estate business.
1b. explain COMING FROM
2. from ANOTHER POINT of view
3. An investigation had concluded that some of these insurance POLICIES provided very little value to consumers.
4. warehouse + explain origin

Question 15

1. Tienes que terminar esto para el viernes, asi que PONTE LAS PILAS (ponerse las pilas)
2. somos muy DESAMPARADO
3. derogar una ley
   4a. TUMBAR una ley
   4b. TUMBAR una pared
   4c. TUMBAR la puerta

Answer 15

1. You have to finish this by Friday, so YOU’D BETTER CRACK or PULL FINGER or GET YOUR SKATES ON (ie hacer algo con vivgor)
2. we’re quite (as in very) HELPLESS
3. to repeal a law
   4a. to OVERTURN a law (OVERTHROW a Govt)
   4b. to KNOCK OVER a wall
   4c. to KICK IN (or DOWN) the door (eg with your foot)

Question 16

1a. al órgano COMPETENTE
1b. el órgano EL QUE COMPETE
1c. competer a algo = TO COME UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF or TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR or TO BE UP TO (infml) CF competir
2. los abajos firmantes
3a. ser descendiente de
3b ascendiente CF ascedente
4. EQUIDAD de género (gender equality) (equidad = equity (fml) + fairness (infml)

Answer 16

1a. to the COMPETENT organ (of govt) (struct 1 PP)
1b. to the organ WITHIN WHOSE COMPETENCE (struct 2 oración relativo)
1c. what ORIGIN vb + what vb if 1 letter is diff?
2. the undersigned (formulaic using pres part)
3a. to be [a] DESCENDENT of
3b. ancestor (N) CF rising (adj) (using pres part struct)
4. alt to IGUALDAD de género ( N = fml + infml meaning?)

Question 17

1. gobernar -> gobernado -> gobernante (adj + N)(pres part)
2. acusar -> acusado -> acusador (adj + N)(NOT pres part)
3. interesar -> interesado -> interesante (adj only pres part)
4. se sentó un precedente(sentarse un precedente)
5. un dolor/problema persistente

Answer 17

1. (vb - to govern) -> governed by (past part) -> ? adj (governing) + ? (N)(ruler) + struc?
2. (vb - to accuse) -> the acused (N + past part) -> ? adj (acusing) + ? (N)(acuser) + struct?
3. (vb - to interest) -> interested + interested part (adj/N + past part) -> ? adj (interesting) + struct?
4. it set a precedent (usually this combination)
5. a persistent problem/pain (usual combo)