Instituto Cervantes 03_06

Question 1

1a. comenzar + a + inf
1b. empezar + a + inf
1c. ponerse + a + inf
1d. 1. indicates sudden start w/out transition + 2. usually mention name of person to whom its happening.
1f. Often used in the imp to mean get on with doing X

Answer 1

1a - 1c. What are the 3 usual periphrasis vbs (ie 2 vbs together: 1 conjugated) use to indicate start of an action.

1d. What 2 things are diff re ponerse
1e. What else re ponerse.

Question 2

1a. romper + a + inf = llorar, reir, gritar, aplaudir, llover (break out, ie sudden action + great force)
1b. echarse + a + inf = llorar, reir, temblar (to begin to), again sudden)
1c. echar + a + inf = andar, caminar, correr, rodar (movement vbs)
1d. echar = to throw (object or s.o OUT of a bar), only with limited vbs = to start to + inf.

Answer 2

1a - 1c. 3 other periphrase vbs use to indicate start of action + the limited inf vbs use with them.
1d. what does 1c vb normally mean? why begin to here?

Question 3

1. Esta mañana se puso a llover y no pude ir a correr
2. PONTE A + hacer los deberes
3. si te enamoraras de tu profe, te sentiría liberada
4. pedantería
5. un OVNI = objeto volador no identificado

Answer 3

1. This morning it started raining and I couldn’t go for a run (vb = idea of sudden action)
2. GET ON WITH your homework.
3. If you fell in love with your teacher, you would feel liberated
4. smugness (N)
   5 a UFO = acronym + in full

Question 4

1. PONTE a trabajar, que estás muy vago
   2a. ¿Qué es lo que más rechazo te provoca en el resto de personas? (ie rechazo = rejection, ie cause you to reject)
   2b. Me provocan rechazo las personas egoístas
2. un ser querido
3. si viera a una serpiente, me echaría a correr
4. Es un RANCIO

Answer 4

1. GET TO work, you’re very lazy (not perezoso)
   2a. What most repulses you about other people? (note struct of Q)
   2b. I am repulsed by selfish people
2. a loved one
3. If I saw a snake, I would run away.
4. He’s a GROUCH (or SOURPUSS) ie Elvira’s dad

Question 5

1. Me he puesto a mirar la tele hace 5 minutos (ponerse + a + inf = not always emotions as in 2)
2. María se puso a llorar cuando vio a sus padres
3. Me molestaba que no comiera pizza conmigo (molestarse)
4. Me enfurecía que no se cuidara los calzoncillos (enfurecerse)
5. crecimiento personal

Answer 5

1. I started watching TV 5 minutes ago (why noteworthy)
2. Maria started to cry when she saw her parents
3. I WAS OFFENDED that you didn’t eat pizza with me (vb - to be offended or TO TAKE OFFENCE)
4. I LOST IT/BLEW MY TOP that he didn’t TAKE CARE OF his underpants
5. personal growth

Question 6

1a. If is a general rule it happens when condition met
1b. Me pongo nervioso si hablo en público
2a. If is a specific situation which might happen.
2b. Me pondría nervioso si hablara en público
3a. If s.th which might have happened in past if condition had been met.
3b. Si hubiera hablado en público me habría puesto nervioso

Answer 6

Three ways to structure conditionalities

1a. Si + presente indicativo, presente indicativo = when use?
1b. I get nervous when I speak in public
2a. Si + imperfecto subjuntivo + condicional simple = when use?
2b. I would get nervous if I spoke in public
3a. Si + pluscuamperfecto subjuntivo + condicional compuesto = when use?
3b. If I had spoken in public I would have been nervous

Question 7

1a. locura -> enloquecer(se) + de
1b. me enloquece tu actitud (enloquecer)
1c. se enloqueció de celos
1d. Enloquezco POR el chocolate.
2a cólera -> encolerizarse + ante
2b. Todos nos encolerizamos ante las injusticia
4a. me enfada que digas esas cosas
4b. me enfadó que dijeras esas cosas

Answer 7

1a. N = crazy -> vb = to drive crazy -> vb(se) = to go out of your mind
1b. Your attitude DRIVES me CRAZY (as in exasperates)
1c. He went out of his mind with jealousy
1d. I’m CRAZY-MAD ABOUT chocolate (as in gustar con pasión)
2a. N = rage fury -> vb(se) = to get furious about
2b. We all GET REALLY ANGRY ABOUT injustice
4a. it annoys me that you say those things
4b. it annoyed me that you said those things

Question 8

1. Si hubiera hablado en público ahora estaría orgulloso de mí mismo (enorgullecerse)
   2a. Toda la familia SE ENTERNECIÓ cuando…
   2b. conmoverse con - to be touched
2. ¿Si eligieras un viaje, dónde irías?
   4a. asco -> asquear
   4b. Asquea tener que hablar con un pederasta (asquear)
   4c. Me asquean las ratas

Answer 8

1. If I had spoken in public I would now FEEL PROUND OF MYSELF. (estar + adj form)
   2a. All the family WAS MOVED when … (vb - to be moved, to be touched)
   2b. Alt vb?
2. If you could choose a trip, where would you go?
   4a. N = disgust -> vb = to cause disgust (or sicken_
   4b. ITS DISGUSTING THAT you have to talk to a peadophile
   4c. I LOATHE rats (as in they disgust me)

Question 9

1. Hablemos claro:
2. tiene que cavar debajo del ARCOIRIS … una olla LLENA de autoestima (oro)
3. el TRËBOL DE CUATRO HOJAS que acabará con esa MANÍA suyo DE estar en paro
4. Sin embargo, y dejando de lado que …

Answer 9

1. Let’s speak clearly: (or Let’s face it:)
2. you have to dig under the RAINBOW … a pot [] of self-esteem (gold)
3. the FOUR-LEAF CLOVER that will end your HANG UP/FIXATION ABOUT being unemployed
4. Nonetheless, and PUTTING TO ONE SIDE …

Question 10

1. a menos que cave en un VERTEDERO
2. ¿Quiere darle un CABEZAZO a la pared después de una semana de mierda en la oficina?
3. abraza el pensamiento negativo, la MALA HOSTIA, la MALA LECHE, la LA CARA DE ASCO y el gruñido
4. no tendrá que volver a tragar con PATRAÑAS, MAMARRACHADAS (chorrada) y SOPLAPOLLECES (sing - soplapollas)

Answer 10

1. unless he digs in a RUBBISH DUMP
2. Do you want to HEADBUTT the wall after a shitty week at the office?
3. embrace negative thinking, the BAD MOOD, the BAD BLOOD, the LOOK OF DISGUST and the grunt.
4. you won´t have to swallow again TALL TALES, IDIOTIC THINGS and DICKHEADS (lit - COCKSUCKER)

Question 11

1. que en realidad es un auténtico COÑAZO
   2a. el día va a ser una PORQUERIA
   2b. esta porqueria = this PIECE OF JUNK
2. A partir de hora déjese de estupideces
   4a. una MALA BABA sin precedentes (ie baba = drool, slime of a caracol)
   4b. tener mala baba

Answer 11

1. which in reality is a real PAIN IN THE ASS. (not pesado)
   2a. the day is going to be a REAL BITCH
   2b. what N mean when refer to an object? (collq)
2. From now on stop this stupidity
   4a. an unprecedented BAD MOOD
   4b. to be a nasty piece of work

Question 12

1a. mañana volverá a salir el sol
1b. el tiempo lo cura todo
2a. Ese día DONDE todos TIENEN CARA DE haber sido abducidos A MANOS DE un grupo de extraterrestres fans de
2b. a manos de = to indicate who causes something bad, eg at the hands of/by
3. son los gurús del BUENROLLISMO
4. la pregunta de millón

Answer 12

1a. the sun will rise again tomorrow (saying)
1b. time heals everything (saying)
2a. That day WHEN everyone LOOKS LIKE they’ve been abducted BY a group of extraterrestial fans of …
2b. when use that exp for BY?
3. they are the gurus of GOOD VIBES
4. the $64,000 question (Nb diff figure in Spanish)

Question 13

1. si le damos pábulo (dar pábulo a algo = to encourage, as in to give a reason - pábulo = food (lit) + fuel (fig))
   2a. empezará usted a COGERse MANÍA
   2b. coger mania a alguien = 1. really strong dislike (to point can’t bear it) 2. to hold a grudge against
2. a escribir centares de pósits con la frase ¨sigues siendo un perdedor¨
   4a. Ya veo quien es LA CABEZA PENSANTE DE … empresa (pensante (adj) = thinking)

Answer 13

1. If we encourage him (vbl exp + explain)
   2a. you will start TO REALLY DISLIKE him
   2b. exp has 2 meanings
2. to write HUNDREDS of STICKY NOTES with the phrase “you’re still a loser”
   4a. I see who’s the BRAINS of the … company etc (what adj?)

Question 14

1. invénteSE una enfermedad FICTICIA (note the reflexive here ie disease for yourself)
2. sea usted mismo y que se joda el mundo (joderSE when mean 1. fuck it! + 2. to be fucked! (as in to stuffed))
3. obre + en consecuencia (obrar)
   4a. alegria -> alegrar -> alegrarse + de
   4b. Me alegra que hagamos esto
   4c. Me alegro de que hayas venido.

Answer 14

1. invent a FICTITIOUS disease
2. be yourself and fuck the world
3. Act + accordingly. (act as comportarse + X)
   4a. N = happiness -> vb = to make (s.o) happy ->vb(se) = to be happy (as in poner elegria)
   4b. I’m glad we did it.
   4c. I’m happy that you came.

Question 15

1a. tristeza -> entristecer -> entristecerse + []
1b. Incluso mi padre se entristeció cuando pasó
2a. vergüenza -> avergonzar -> avergonzarse + de
2b. Me avergüenzo de mí misma.
3a. orgullo -< enorgullecer -> enorgullecerse + de
3b. Me enorgullece anunciar que vamos a tener otro bebé.
3c. nos enorgullecemos de ser innovadores

Answer 15

1a. N = sadness -> vb = to make (s.o) sad ->vb(se) = to become/grow sad
1b. Even my dad became sad when he died.
2a. N = embarrassment -> vb = to embarass (as in to cause) -> vb(se) = to be embarrassed + to be ashamed
2b. I’m ashamed of myself
3a. N = pride -> vb = to please or to make (s.o) proud -> vb(se) = to feel proud of
3b. I’m pleased to announce that we’re having another baby
3c. We’re proud of being innovative

Question 16

1a nervios -> enervar -> enervarse + []

1b. El ruido del martillo neumático me está enervando
1c. Al mínimo comentario se enerva
2a. temor -> temer -> temerse + []
2b. Yo no le temo a la muerte
2c. Me temo que no puedes entrar
3. En cuanto el agua ROMPA A hervir, echa la pasta

Answer 16

1a. N = nerves -> vb -> to irritate/exasperate OR to drive mad -> vb(se) = to get irritated at OR to get worked up
1b. The noise of the jackhammer is driving me mad.
1c. He get´s irritated/cranky at the smallest criticism
2a. N = fear -> vb = to be afraid of -> vb(se) = to be afraid of Or to fear, as in to regret.
2b. I don’t fear death.
2c. I’m afraid you can’t come in
3. As soon as the water STARTS TO boil, throw in the pasta. (alt to empezar, in limited circs)

Question 17

1a. pasión -> apasionar -> apasionarse + por/con
1b. No puedes ser buena si no te apasiona
1c. Se apasionaba con cada libro que leía.
2a. Empecé a COGERle fastidio a las clases
2b. coger + sentiment N = sudden change + lasts + towards s.th or s.o
2c. ponerse + feeling adj = sudden change + not last + inwards ie how you feel
3. Lo teníamos todo preparado y de repente, ROMPIÓ A lloverles

Answer 17

1a. N = passion -> vb = to love/be crazy about, as in keen on -> vbse = to love, as in to get excited about
1b. You can’t be good at if if you don’t love it.
1c. He loved every book that he read.
2a. I started to BECOME annoyed with the classes.
2b. Why that vb for to become?
2b. How diff to ponerse + adj?
3. we had everything ready and suddenly, IT STARTED to rain. (vb = alt to empezar for limited purposes)