Instituto Cervantes 04_07A Flashcards
(17 cards)
1a. The situation was so bad 25 years ago …
1b. why not use peor?
2a. The government offers financial compensation if a person _scaps_ their contaminated vehicle
2b. why not say … to people that scrap their …?
3. regarding the air pollution (clue: what correct prep?)
- Hace 25 años la situación era tan mala
1b. Because peor is a superlative can’t be after tan (another superlative)
2a. El gobierno ofrece una compensación económica si una persona _desguaza_ su vehículo contaminado
2b. sounds more natural (desguazar - to scrap + dismantle) - con respecto a la contaminación aire (not de)
- greenhouse gas
-
measuring station
3a. As a consequence, more than 40,000 vehicles have already become scrap metal (clue: no sido)
3b. Why that struct re more than? When use?
3c. When use other struct re more than?
3d. Paul is taller than Anna + why that struct?
- gas de efecto invernadero
-
estación de medición
3a. En consecuencia, más de 40,000 vehículos ya se han convertido en chatarra
3b. más de = only numbers + %, NOTE there is no comparison being made, ie use for emphasis
3c. más + X + que = making a comparison + need que to introduce the comparative sentence
3d. Pablo es más alto que Anna (es alta) = cos’ Anna is own sentence (even tho’ vb + complement not present)
1a. When por used to express opinion?
1b. What is struct re por when expressing opinion?
1c. When para used to express opnion?
1d. What is struct when para used to express opinion?
1e. How por or para used when ordering food?
1a. When opinion is really a preference
1b. Por mi + must have a phrase to complete eg Por mi, vamos al cine. (ie never on own)
1c. When opinion is really an opinion (ie a literal substitute for yo creo
1d. Para mi + must be followed by que eg Para mi que no está en casa
1e. Para mi + N eg Para mí, espaguetis (really an eg of para = finalidad)
1a. The homework is for (ie due on)Thursday afternoon.
1b. why use of para?
1c. why use of por?
2a. Rephrase without gerund: Teniendo en cuenta lo que dices, haremos lo posible para resolver el problema
2b. What use of the gerundio?
1a. Los deberes son para el jueves por la tarde
1b. para = to refer to the time
1c. por = to refer to the part of the day
2a. Y_a que_ cuentas lo que dices, haremos lo posible …
2b. gerundio indicates the cause of the action
1a. Key way to use por + re reason?
1b. Key way to use para + re reason?
1c. This is what I get for not studying
1d. I’m staying at home to study.
1e. I came because I wanted to see you
1a. the reason or motive refers to prior to (or before) the action happening (por)
1b. the reason or motive i_s after_ the action happening (para) (finalidad)
1c. Esto me pasa por no estudiar (the action/consequence is failing the exam)
1d. Me quedo en casa para estudiar
1e. He venido porque quería verte (motive B4 action, or coming here)
1a. That’s what I get for being dumb. (when reproaching oneself)
1b. That’s what I get for being really dumb (or good).
1c. How intensified struct diff?
2. Once a week.
3a. What is OMG (in biotech)?
3b. The more usual term? (clue: think food)
1a. Esto me pasa por tonto/a.
1b. Esto me pasa por ser tan tonto/a (or bueno/a)
1c. if use intensifier (tan) + must also use ser
2. Una vez por semana
3a. organismos genéticamente modificados
3b. comida transgénica = genetically modified food
- $25 a head a go. (eg at a carnival)
2a. What I request is made?
2b. Who drafted it? (vb)
2c. To whom is it addressed? - It´s a classic that never goes out of style
4a. I feel awful**, **but yes** I received … (clue: **not sentir struct + emphatic) (Anna)
4b. As a matter of fact, it seemed familiar (clue: collq meaning of common vb = to ring a bell)
- Toca a 25$ por cabeza
2a. ¿Qué petición se hace?
2b. ¿Quién la formula? (formular = to draft, eg fml letter)
2c. ¿A quién va dirigida? - es un clásico que no pasa de moda
4a. Me sabe fatal**, **pero sí recibí … (pero sí - always affirm)
4b. La verdad es que me sonaba (sonar)
1a. When use Nombre + por + infinitivo?
1b. What alt const: tengo un par de muebles + por vender
2a. the installation of high-performance double glazing,
2b. or thermal insulation panels in walls
3. I don’t know why it completely slipped my mind. (loc vb = to slip one’s mind, as in forget) (Anna)
4a. I hope you have a good weekend at home.
4b. what else “at home” adj mean x3?
1a. obligation
1b. tengo que vender un par de muebles
2a. la instalación de cristalerías dobles y de alto rendimiento,
2b. o paneles de aislamiento térmico en muros
3. No sé por qué motivo se me fue** totalmente **de la cabeza (irse de la cabeza)
4. ¡Espero que tengas un buen fin de semana casero!
4b. homemade (thing) + homebody (person) + home (sporting match)
1a. by** contextualising [] a personal journey of **both the author and his guide.
1b. Why not the other two Ns which equal both?
1c. put in context (loc vb) = contextualize + no prep {en].
2. I enclose my formal letter to you which deals with the issue of corruption. (clue: not tratar)
3. Draw a mind map about the main themes of the unit. (loc prep - about, as in relating to → what? re proximity)
1a. por medio de** contextualizar [] un viaje personal de **tanto el autor como su guía
1b. not ambos or los dos = pronouns cos’ here with the Ns rather than instead of.
1c. poner en contexto = contextualizar + no prep {en]
2. Te adjunto mi carta formal que se ocupa del tema de corrupción. (ocuparse de)
3. Dibuja una mapa concepcual en torno a los temas principales de la unidad (loc prep → around)
1a. there are numerous volcanoes of which the Pacaya is the best known
1b. Why those 2 pronouns?
1c. The most beautiful thing in the world is to travel.
1d. When use the neutral pronoun?
2. No contest!** (or **There’s no comparison!) (exp = use when 1 thing much better than the other)
4. We neglect it AT OUR PERIL.
1a. hay numerosos volcanes de los cuales el Pacaya es el más conocido
1b pronouns = concordancia therefore volcán = masc -> el + los
1c. Lo más bonito del mundo es viajar
1d. only use lo as pronoun when refer to an idea or verb
2. No hay color.
3. La descuidamos POR NUESTRA CUENTA Y RIESGO.
1a. You can follow the criterion that is most useful to you
1b. structure of to be (vb)
2. I don’t want to live in fear of the knock on the door of the secret police force in the middle of the night. (clue: not Eng prep for in + 2 diff preps)
3. If there is no rule of law nor is there any liberty (what was my mistake?)
4. an NGO that ranks 188 countries in the world by level of corruption, found that in 2020 New Zealand was in first place. (clue: found as in determined)
1a. Puedes seguir el criterio que te resulte más útil
1b. resultar + adj** = **to be + adj, as in to be a certain way
2. No quiero vivir con** temor del golpe contra la puerta de la fuerza policial secreta **a media noche.
3. Si no hay estado de derecho, tampoco hay libertad (NOT: también + no)
4. una ONG que clasifica 188 países del mundo por nivel de corrupción, determinó que en 2020 Nueva Zelanda estaba en primer lugar
- You lot … and a good dick. (vulg)(Valeria) (said to girlfriends)
- I’m going to bed soon (clue: as in a short time from now + not pronto)
- I’ll take you out partying (vb = to take out, eg hands from pockets)
- Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. (re when find out)
- Are you coming to Victor´s [place]? (a text message)
- Vosotros … y un buen rabo.
- me acuesto en breve
- Te voy a sacar de fiesta (sacarse)
- Mañana o pasado.
- ¿VIenes a lo de Victor?
-
How nice to hear from you! (Chus)
2a + 2b. What is diff colgar and tender re clothes? - You can pry into** (or **snoop about) your neighbours lives (connotation of talking ie cotillear)
- I’m sick and tired of them using that term (or label) to pick on** (or **tease) people (loc. vb)
-
¡Qué alegría saber de ti!
2a. se cuelga ropa en una percha dentro el armario
2b. se tiende ropa en el tendero - puedes fisgar en la vida de sus vecinos
- estoy harta de que utilicen ese calificativo para meterse con la gente(meterse con alguien)
Sufijos - When use:
1a. in what situations generally
1b. N + suffix - azo/aza
1c. N + suffix - ón/ona
1d. N + suffix - ote/a
1e. N + suffix - ete/a
1f. N + siffix - illo, explain re guapillo
- collq + messing around with mates/banter/irony + social media
1b. - azo/aza = emphasise** **quality or quantity of N + always positive
1b. - ón/ona = intensify adj or N + can be pos or neg
1c. - ote/a = person** + add **adj or N** **likeability or affection + always positive
1d. - ete/a = same as -ote/a + complicity
1e. - illo = diminutive eg guapillo no is guapo but still has something
- Ignore that trash (or scum) (colq loc vb, as in to take no notice of)
- she has big beautiful eyes (clue: think sufijo)
3a + b. Take eres un sol + make it bigger + bigger & affectionate - You’ve got a great body (clue: think sufijo)
- but its such a downer (clue: think sufijo)
- Pasa de esa gentuza (pasar de alguien)(only eg -uza)
- tiene ojazos
3a. Eres un solazo
3b. Eres un solete grandote - tienes un cuerpazo
- pero es que menudo bajón (menudo + N = what a, for emphasis)
- Sticks and stones can break my bones … (clue: dicho a diff approach to same meaning)
- This song is awesome (or brilliant) (clue: think sufijo)
- You’re an ugly one (clue: sufijo + affectionate)
- I’m your buddy (or mate) (clue: sufijo + affectionate)
- a palabras necias, oídos sordos. (necio = stupid, ignorant)
- esta canción es un temazo (tema = song)
- eres un feote
- soy su amigote
- Well, lets open this bad boy (clue: sufijo + affectionate)
- Sit. [You] witless baboon (clue: sufijo + aumentado)(What mean as N?)
- It has so much** (or **great**) **style (clue: sufijo + aumentado)
- Juan is a really nice guy (or good guy) (clue: sufijo + affectionate)
- David is a soft touch (or a pushover)
- Bien, vamos a abrir a este malote.
- ¡Siéntate, babuino simplón! (N = simpleton)
- tiene un estilazo
- Juan es muy majete (from majo)
- David es un buenazo
