Instituto Cervantes 03_01

Question 1

1. ¡Tal cual!
   2a. los fanáticos para ofrecer una versión SESGADA de los acontecimientos -> SESGAR (to slant, as to bias eg an opinion) -> SESGARSE (to twist, as to distort eg face)
   2b, los religiones para HACER PROSELISITMO
2. SE CALUMNIAN … La Wikipedia (calumniar)
3. tratan MACHACONAMENTE de introducir su criterio (machacar - to pound or to crush, eg seeds, do with monotonous repetition) (tratar de = to try to + tratar(se) de = to be about, subj matter)

Answer 1

1. Exactly! (when agree, ie Sonia re joke of Argentinian complaining about the weather in Toronto)
   2a. the FANS (nml N) to offer a BIASED version of events (adj -> vb -> pronom vb)
   2b. the religions to PROSELYTISE
2. They SLANDER … Wikipedia (vb in passive)(vb)
3. they RELENTLESSLY try to introduce their criteria (idea of persistence, can be tiresomely) (origin?) (explain try to + other meaning)

Question 2

1. tanto ZOZOBRA crean en el lector (zozobra -> zozobrar = to fret, worry + to founder or to capsize -> to go belly up (eg bus)
2. ni aquellos que no sin cierta COQUETERÍA modifican su …
   2b. N -> coquetear (con) = to flirt with -> coquetería = flirtation
3. es el fútbol el que EXCITA la algarada
4. que es un MEMEZ

Answer 2

1. they create so much WORRY (like fretting) in the reader (not ansiedad or inquietad) (N -> vb origin + nautical meaning -> metaphorical meaning)
   2a. nor those that with a certain ARTIFICIALITY modify their …
   2b artificiality (N) -> vb origin + more usual meaning -> N
2. its football that AROUSES the TUMULT (as in fracas, public distubance)
3. that is a NONSENSE (ie a stupid thing = tonteria)

Question 3

1a. eliminar un articulo si es falso, tendencioso o INSULSO
1b INSULSO = insipid (fml) ->INSULSEZ = dullness, tastelessness
2. cuando la votación ATAÑE A artículos que (atañer a = tratar(se) de
3. una página propia DESEMBOCÓ EN en una votación (desembocar en)
4. el entusiasmo de un hincha LLEVÓ A DAR COMO (= dar como resultado)

Answer 3

1. remove an article if it is false, TENDENTIOUS (more fml word for biased) or DULL
   1b. dull adj = what mean more formally? -> N + meaning, eg with food
2. when the voting CONCERNS articles that (vb = concerns, as in TO HAVE TO DO WITH + spoken equiv vb)
3. a page on its own ENDS IN a vote (vb - to end in or to lead to, ie idea of to result in)
4. one fan’s enthusiasm LED TO (vbl exp led to + to result in)(+ alt vbl exp = to result in)

Question 4

1. protagonistas de algunas incidencias acaecidas en Wikipedia (acaecer = tener lugar = took place)
   2a. para saber qué granado de REVISIONES
   2b. lo mas granado = cream of the crop/best of the best -> granado de X = the best X
   4.
   4a. desatarse = to trigger, a war ie bring it on
   4b. desatar = to untie or to loosen, -> desatarse = to come undone, shoelaces = los cordones

Answer 4

1. protagonists of some incidents THAT HAVE OCURRED in Wikipedia (adj -> vb = to have occurred fml = infml alt)
   2a. to know which REVIEWS + ARE BEST (review here is more analysis eg wikapedia article)
   2a. explain exp to be the best + origin
2. it has developed a TOOL, SearchCrystal
   4a. What happens if a conflict breaks out….?
   4b vb - what mean re war/conflict?
   4b. vb - what mean re shoes?

Question 5

1a. Marta no supo decir la verdad a Luís en su momento y al final SE VIO envuelta en UN MAR DE MENTIRAS
1b. use verse to express a result ie WAS in the sense of TO END UP + use in formal contexts
2. statement, comparison phrase, subj statement
3. A mi no me sorprende que la evolución, A DIFERENCIA A otros temas, sea una cuestión polémica en la edición en inglés.

Answer 5

1a. Marta did not know how to tell the truth to Luís at the time and in the end she WAS caught up in A WEB OF LIES
1b. explain WAS + when to use it? (Marina)
2. What structure for using COMPARISON PHRASES eg en comparación con
3. I am not surprised that evolution, UNLIKE other topics, is a controversial issue in the English edition.

Question 6

1a. restringir la participación de usuarios VANDÁLICOS
1b. vandálico = loutish, behaviour + vandalismo (N) + vándalo (person) from los Vándalos
2a. previa votacion entre los wikipedistas
2b. N + previo = previous, prior BUT previo + N = UPON N happening eg previo pago de multa
3. cualquier usario que haya realizado más de cinquenta APORTACIONES
4. los insultos y las DESCALIFICACIONES (disqualification (sport) -> descalificar = 1. To DISCREDIT)

Answer 6

1a. to restict the participation of LOUTISH users
1b. what loutish mean -> adj + if N (thing) + N (person) + origin
2a. UPON a vote OF wikipedians
2b. explain upon
3. any user that has made more than 50 CONTRIBUTIONS
4. the insults and the SLURS (ie a dismissive insult + what mean in sport -> vb)

Question 7

1. según SE RECOGE en el artículo
   1b. recoger = to gather, harvest etc -> recogerse = to state + to go home
2. cada artículo ha experimentado UNA MEDIA DE 17,16 EDICIONES
   3a. ¿Crees que puede LLEGAR A SER delito?
   3b llegar a ser = when the change (ie the become) needs A PROCESS or AN EFFORT or AN IMPROVEMENT (eg became a director)

Answer 7

1a. as STATED in the article (not exponer or declarar)
1b. explain vb -> pron vb
2. each article has undergone AN AVERAGE OF 17.16 EDITS
3a. Do you think that it can BE(COME) [a] crime?
3b. why that verb for become

Question 8

1. a diferencia de = unlike or as opposed to
   2a. al contrario que = unlike or as opposed to
   2a. al mismo tiempo = at the same time
2. coincide que = (if) happen to/that ie coincides with
   4a. en comparación con = compared to
   4b, en contraste con = in contrast to
3. por un lado … por otro … = on the one hand … on the other
4. sorprende que = it’s surprising

Answer 8

Comparison phrases starting with

1. a + ? + de = unlike
2. al + ? (x2)
3. c-vb + prep
4. en + ? + con (x2)
5. por + ?
6. sorprende + ?

Question 9

1. Mejor no tiendas la ropa fuera; NO VAYA A SER QUE llueva (Group 6 = approaching danger + want to avoid)
2. Iré A QUE me cambien el vestido. La cremallera está rota.
3. Para que te hagas una idea, el nuevo hipermercado es como dos estadios de fútbol
4. La herencia A repartir tras la muerte (7, N + a + inf)

Answer 9

1. Best not hang your clothes outside, JUST IN CASE (LEST) it rains. (Group + struct) (NOT por si caso)
2. I’m going to have my dress replaced. The zipper is broken. (Group + struct)
3. To give you an idea, the new hypermarket is like two soccer stadiums. (a para que exp)
4. The inheritance TO BE distributed after death (Group + struct)

Question 10

1. para (que) + inf + (subj)
   2a. a fin de (que) + inf + (subj) = so that + in order that
   2b. con el objeto de (que) + inf + (subj)
   2c. con el propósito de (que) + inf + (subj)
   2d. con la intención de (que) + inf + (subj)

Answer 10

There are 7 groups of connector phrases/structures to express a destination or finality (1 + 2 of 7)

1. Group 1 (1 word), communicates for the reason for
2. Group 2 (4 phrases), similar meaning as 1 ie
   2a. so as to (in order to) + at the end of (if -> position)
   2b. with the aim of (in order to)
   2c. for the purpose of (in order to)
   2d. with the intent(ion) to (of)

Question 11

3a. verbo de movimiento (ir, venir, parar, LLEVAR, traer, pasar) + a + (que) + inf or (subj)
3b. to go in to (room) + to reach (eg finals) + to overtake (in a car)
3c. idea of to lead one to X eg nos llevó a pensar = it led us to think
4. verbo de influencia (animar, obligar, INSTAR, invitar) + A + (que) + inf or (subj) (instar a = urge)

Answer 11

There are 7groups of connector phrases/structures to express a destination or finality (3 + 4 of 7)

3a. Group 3 (vbs type 1) + 6 examples
3b. explain pasar a + (que) + inf or (subj)
3c. explain llevar a + inf + (que) + inf or (subj)
4. Group 4 (vbs type 2) + 4 examples

Question 12

5a. de modo que + subj = so that + in such a way (ie the way -> purpose)
5b. de manera que + subj = de modo que + subj
6a. no sea (fuera) que + subj = just in case + in case
6b. no vaya (fuera) a ser que + subj = just in case + in case
1a. por si caso + indic, beg, middle or end of sentence
1b. por si las moscas + nothing cos’ after comma at end of sentences only

Answer 12

There are 7 groups of connector phrases/structures to express a destination or finality (5 + 6 of 7)
5. Group 5, (2 phrases), communicates consequence ie SO THAT X follows (de + ? + que)
6. Group 6 (2 phrases), when danger approaching + want to avoid
1a Normal alt to Group 6 + how use
1b. Common collq alt to Group 6 + how use

Question 13

7a. N + a + inf = para expresar una finalidad
7b. Los deberes A hacer son muchos
1. Se lo expliqué DE MANERA QUE pudiera entenderlo. (group 6, 2 connectors communicate consequence)
2. de un probable QUIEBRA = estar en BANCARROTA/QUIEBRA
2b. el/la quebrado
4a. Yo soy partidario de = estoy a favor de (people only)
4b. partidista (adj) = partisan, biased

Answer 13

There are 7 groups of connector phrases/structures to express a destination or finality (7 of 7)

7a. type of struc involving N para expresar una finalidad
7b. There’s a lot of homework TO do.
1. I explained it to him in a WAY that he could understand. (what group + why)
2a. of a probable BANKRUPTCY (N) = to be BANKRUPT (N2)
2b. a bankrupt (as in person)
4. difference between partidario + partidista

Question 14

1. La carta decía que, CON EL OBJETO DE garantizar una mejo cobertura, necesitaban algunos datos adicionales (Group 2, connector -> purpose)
2. Entró por la puerta trasera DE MODO QUE nadie lo viera (Group 6, connector = the way ->purpose)
   3a, Aunque la homeopatía ADOLECE de cierta base biológica
   3b. adolecer de
   4a. es más CONTUNDENTE
   4b. contundENTE = convincing (arg) + blunt (obj) -> contundencia = force/forcefulness (ie impact) -> contundir = to cause a bruise (med)

Answer 14

1. The letter stated that, IN ORDER TO ensure better coverage, they needed some additional data (Group + why?)
2. He entered through the back door SO THAT no one would see him. (Group + why?)
   3a. Although homeopathy SUFFERS FROM a certain biological basis
   3b. what is origin of TO SUFFER FROM vb?
   4a. [eg A] is more CONVINCING (idea of forcefull,, overwhelming)
   4b. Explain CONVINCING adj -> N —> vb

Question 15

1. No sirve A NINGÚN propósito de zozobrar por ello
2. una plataforma que defiende a afectados por DESAHUCIOS (desahucio -> desahuciar)
3. tener una disputa con = tener un rife rafe con
4. improcedente (+ inadmissible, legal) = inadecuado
5. insustancial

Answer 15

1. It serves no purpose to worry about it. (not preocuparse)
2. a platform that defends PEOPLE AFFECTED by EVICTIONS (N -> vb)
3. to have a dispute with, normal + collq (young people)
4. inappropriate (fml adj + what legal meaning + what is reg adj?)
5. insubstantial ie banal o sin interes (pe un discurso)

Question 16

1. the innocent + the criminals
2. acometida (an attack) -> acometer = atacar
3. un salseo
4. les pegaron una paliza
5. barullo

Answer 16

1. Who “escapan” + who “se da a la fuga”? (darse a la fuga)
2. What is a formal word for “ataque” + vbs
3. what is a young collq word = gossip?
4. they thrashed them (re sport)
5. Collq/infml N = algarada, albaroto, tumulto

Question 17

1a. Los abogados presentaron pruebas CONCUYENTES.
1b. Fml speach instead of oracion relativo ie que permiten sacar conclusiones
2a. para buscar COBIJO en el vecino Líbano.
2b. cobijo -> cobijar -> cobijarse
3a. cuando el RECRUDECIMIENTO de los combates entre
3b recrudemimiento (worsening) -> recrudecer - to worsen, as in become more intense or difficult

Answer 17

1a. The lawyers presented CONCLUSIVE proof.
1b. Explain present participle
2a. to seek SHELTER in NEIGHBOURING Lebanon.
2b. shelter (N) -> (to give) shelter (vb) -> to seek shelter (vb)
3a. with the UPSURGE in fighting between …
3b. explain upsurge (N) -> vb