LBJ and the Warren Court Test Flashcards
(281 cards)
1
Q
Where did Johnson go to college first? Where did he major in there?
A
Southwest Texas State Teacher’s College, majored in history, and debate teacher,
2
Q
Where did Johnson go to college second? What did he do there?
A
Georgetown Law School, not best education, but still worked out well for him for him to go into politics.
3
Q
What did Johnson do in WWII?
A
a war inspector
4
Q
How was Johnson rewarded after WWII?
A
received the Silver Star medal from Roosevelt. Not too much credit for Silver Star, he did enlist and showed his patriotism.
5
Q
Describe Johnson’s family upbringing.
A
middle class family and has seen poor, moved to Johnson City at age 5, father was President of Baylor University,
6
Q
What was Johnson’s political platform?
A
strong liberal
7
Q
How was Johnson a strong liberal in office?
A
He would meet with Congressmen, get a physical threshold on them and put pressure on those who did not follow him well to vote for his laws.
8
Q
What were Johnson’s values as a strong liberal?
A
- wants government to solve problems
- Johnson cares about poor because he witnessed it as a child first hand
9
Q
What did Johnson do to help the poor as a young adult?
A
He took a year off school to teach English to Mexican immigrants to read and write.
10
Q
What was Johnson’s political experience?
A
24 years in Congress as majority/minority leader, his peers recognize him as a leader for Congress.
11
Q
How did Johnson play a role in JFK’s administration?
A
He was his VP
12
Q
When Johnson went to Dallas, what did he think?
A
He is thinking Kennedy is re-elected, he is helping get Kennedy’s platform get fixed
13
Q
After JFK is killed, how does everything play out for Johnson transitioning President?
A
After Kennedy is killed, he has no time to restructure himself, dealing with the JFK fiasco and putting in new administration, he is very busy
14
Q
What did Johnson’s vote for me button contain? What was this symbol standing for?
A
Johnson’s button has a watermark of Kennedy on his political platform, he wants to tell America he will keep Kennedy’s work and continue on his political platform.
15
Q
Who did Johnson run for in 1964?
A
Barry Goldwater
16
Q
After finishing Kennedy’s first term, what did Johnson do?
A
He ran again in 1964
17
Q
What would Johnson’s do if he won re-election?
A
He will continue the New Frontier and make it more liberal.
18
Q
What was Barry Goldwater’s political platform?
A
ultra conservative
19
Q
How was Barry Goldwater an ultra-conservative?
A
He thinks smaller government, lower taxes, government is the problem, people can get own healthcare, form own welfare give more hard earned money back.
20
Q
What did Goldwater think of JFK’s Presidency?
A
He felt Kennedy was soft, gave away Cuba and SE Asia
21
Q
What was Goldwater’s plan for the Cold War?
A
He returns to Brinksmanship, back to using nukes as ultimate threat.
22
Q
What was the “war on poverty”?
A
Poverty was a big issue at the time, and Johnson knew he had to fix this by using many educational initiatives and growth of welfare.
23
Q
What was Johnson’s plan for the Cold War?
A
Continuation of Kennedy’s foreign policy and flexible response, find ways to deal with Communism
24
Q
What was Johnson’s view of Civil Rights?
A
pro-Civil Rights, was a Civil Rights Advocate
25
How did Johnson campaign against Goldwater?
He put a anti-Goldwater ad on TV called the Daisy Ad
26
What was the Daisy Ad about?
Goldwater with his brinksmanship, you vote for Goldwater, you vote for nuclear war, death, this played on peoples’ fear of brinksmanship.
27
How did the Daisy Ad affect the election's results?
He won every electoral state except deep south and Arizona, landslide election, overwhelming support of American people.
28
What state was Barry Goldwater from?
Arizona
29
What was the popular vote's results?
Johnson-43M
| Goldwater-27M
30
What was the electoral vote's results?
Johnson-486
| Goldwater-52
31
Who controlled Congress?
Democrats
32
What were the numbers in favor of Democrats in the Senate and HOR?
Senate-68-32 Democrats
| House-295-140-Democrats
33
What is the impact of a President with popular mandate?
Big popular vote, support of American majority, you can get more laws passed and more support to your name.
34
How did Johnson relate to the Great President Syndrome?
Johnson was a history major, he wondered how he would go down in history, what will people say about him as President in the future
35
What are the traits of all good Presidents?
- bring great social change in America
- they win the wars they fight
- get re-elected
36
How is bringing a great American social change a trait of a good President?
change America in what we are like
37
What were some of the great social changes by some of our greatest Presidents?
Washington-Revolution and Constitution
Lincoln-end slavery and get the US back together
T. Roosevelt-Progressive Era, busting the monopolies, allows unions to form
FDR-New Deal, WWII, changes how we view government
Jefferson-change in political parties, revolution of 1800, change in how government will function, and Louisiana Purchase, doubled the size of the country.
38
What were some of the wars we won by our greatest Presidents?
```
Washington-Revolution;
Jefferson-Revolution;
Lincoln-Civil War;
Teddy Roosevelt: Spanish-American War;
FDR: WWII.
```
39
What was Johnson's great Social Change?
The Great Society, put in social governmental programs, he greatly achieved this with Civil Rights.
40
What was the war Johnson fought?
Vietnam War
41
How was the Vietnam War unsuccessful for Johnson?
He loses in a bad way, not a great military leader, relies too much on generals, bodybags come home and they keep losing in Vietnam
42
Why did Johnson not run for re-election in 1968?
He cannot figure out Vietnam, leaves because he does not want to be that President who lost in Vietnam, so he lets someone else be that person.
43
What was the name of Johnson's social movements?
The Great Society
44
What was the Great Society a continuation of?
- The New Frontier
- The Fair Deal
- The New Deal
45
Who helped Johnson with consumer protection acts with his high liberalism with his books about it?
Ralph Nader
46
What did Nader's books lead to?
the creation of seat belts
47
What were the categories of Johnson's New Frontier Acts?
- education
- consumer protection
- civil rights
- environmental protection
- economics
- infrastructure
48
What was the Equal Pay Act?
Guarantees equal pay for equal work
49
When was the Equal Pay Act passed?
1963
50
What was the Civil Rights Act?
Promoted economic, political, and social equality
51
When was the Civil Rights Act passed?
1964
52
What was the Tax Reduction Bill?
cut taxes $11.5 billion to boost GNP
53
What was the Economic Opportunities Act?
VISTA, Job Corps, and EOE was created
54
What was the Wilderness Preservation Act?
Protected 9.1 million acres of forest land
55
What was the National Defense Education Act?
Increased federal aid to education
56
What was the Expanded Food Stamp Program?
Expanded existing welfaew programs to more families
57
What was the Voting Rights Act?
Promoted enfranchisement of minority voters
58
When was the Voting Rights Act passed?
1965
59
What did Johnson do money wise to improve healthcare systems?
He spent $1.4 B on healthcare and hospitals
60
What did Johnson do with developing more rail and bus systems?
He spent $375M in federal money on mass transit
61
What was the Medical Care Act?
Established the programs of Medicare for the elderly and Medicaid for the poor
62
When was the Medical Care Act passed?
1965
63
What was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act?
Government spent $1.3 B to improve school programs at all youth levels.
64
What was the Highway Beautification Program?
Federal money was used to clean up trash and plant more flowers along highways.
65
What was the Omnibus Housing Act?
used federal funds to spend on low income housing
66
What was the National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities?
Federal funding of artists and cultural organizations
67
What was the Water Quality Act?
Federal mandate forcing states to clean up waterways
68
What was the Clean Water Restoration Act?
Provided federal funds to insure safe drinking water
69
What was the Immigration and Naturalization Act?
lowered restrictions on immigration
70
What was the Higher Education Act?
Provided for students loans in scholarships
71
What was the Appalachian Development Act?
Federal government spent $1B for economic development of 11 states in the Appalachian region.
72
What was the Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act?
Set standards for automobile manufacturing
73
What was the Consumer Product Safety Act?
Provided for product safety standards and testing
74
What was the Freedom of Information Act?
Allowed citizens to access government records
75
What was Johnson's Minimum Wage Increase?
$1.25 to $1.40
76
What was the Truth in Packaging Act?
Set standards for accurate product labeling
77
What was the Model Cities Act?
Federal government spent money for urban development and creation of parks and recreation areas
78
What was the HUD?
Cabinet post for dealing with urban issues
79
What did HUD stand for?
Department of Housing and Urban Development
80
What was the DOT?
Cabient post for transportation control and development
81
What did DOT stand for?
Department of Transportation
82
What was the Upward Bound?
Created an educational program to prepare students for college
83
What was the Neighborhood Youth Corps?
An urban youth program to promote positivity in youth in struggling cities at the time
84
What was the Wholesome Meat Act?
Provided guidelines for "grading" meat products
85
When was the Wholesome Meat Act passed?
1967
86
What is gerrymandering?
The drawing of political districts in a way that this is discriminatory
87
What kinds of gerrymandering can there be?
- political parties
- racial
- rural-urban ideas
88
What process is carried out as a result of gerrymandering?
need to draw new districts every census and redraw boundary lines based on population
89
What was the background of racial gerrymandering?
The goals were to get blacks to the polls, whites tried to stop that in the south, when they could not stop it, gerrymandering was the next tactic after the Civil Rights Acts
90
How did southern whites carry out racial gerrymandering?
at they took voting districts with large black populations near the middle of the state, they would draw bizarre voting districts to divide the black population vote so the whites could be able to elect, so blacks cannot get candidates they want.
91
What is political gerrymandering?
Districts were broken up by population not equal area so the higher population has a higher voice and effects on the total votes.
92
What was the case of Gomillion v. Lightfoot?
discussed racial gerrymandering
93
When did the case of Gomillion v. Lightfoot take place?
1960
94
What was the case of Baker v. Carr?
established court jurisdiction in appointment cases and used the 14th Amendment to determine if this was unconstitutional
95
When was the case of Baker v. Carr?
1962
96
What was the case of Wetbury v. Sanders?
“one person, one vote” principle, draw voting districts by population not area for federal elections, every new census, redraw the districts, so everyone’s vote counts the same
97
When was the case of Wetbury v. Sanders?
1964
98
What was the case of Reynolds v. Simms?
created the rule of “one person, one vote” for state elections
99
What are the regulations for school prayer/religious promotion?
- teachers cannot lead prayer
- moments of silence must not specifically be for prayer
- only students can lead prayer and students are not forced to pray
- can play music but must be equally divided among all religions
100
What was the case of Engel v. Vitale?
prayer endorsed by the school created indirect pressure to pray, so it ruled that prayers cannot be read over the PA system in the schools with the Pledge of Allegiance. State cannot endorse prayer and separate people based on if they believe in God or not.
101
Are Comparitive Religious Classes okay in public schools? Why or why not?
Yes, it is certainly fine for educational purposes, but prayers and specific religious procedures cannot be endorsed
102
When was the case of Engel v. Vitale?
1962
103
Are teachers and coaches allowed to pray with students? Why or why not?
No, they are government employees and can't endorse prayer because this puts pressure on the whole team because everyone if did it on the team and one may feel obligated to do this
104
What is the rule for team captains leading prayer on teams?
If they are voted by players it is fine, but if it is voted by coaches, then it is not okay because coaches are government-employed.
105
What was the cause of the case of Abington v. Schempp?
In Abington, PA schools would read 10 Bible verses without commentary in class out loud.
106
When was the case of Abington v. Schempp?
1963
107
What was the ruling of Abington v. Schempp?
Court said no to the Bible readings out loud because of this not helping students’ ability in classes.
108
What are now the rules after the case of Abington v. Schempp?
Bible readings can only be used quietly by yourself, but academic usage is okay, as long as prayer isn’t used, banned Bible readings
109
What was the case of Murry v. Curlett?
banned religious procedures planned by schools and their employees, everything must be student-led because teachers are government employees in schools
110
When was the case of Murry v. Curlett?
1963
111
When was the case of Tinker v. DesMoines?
1969
112
Explain why Tinker v. DesMoines was brought to court.
Students were wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war, schools felt this was un-American
113
What was the ruling in Tinker v. DesMoines?
Court said they could not take away students’ freedom of speech and expression of wearing the bands to the point where it is not disruptive.
114
What are one's Constitutional protections under the 4th Amendment?
4th Amendment protects one from illegal searches and seizures of property and themself.
115
What do police need to conduct a legal search?
a warrant
116
What is a warrant?
Police get it from the judge, the court’s order for a legal search from the police
117
When are warrants usually served to the police?
Usually served when police do not have big threats.
118
How do police receive a warrant?
They have to show some level for suspicion, need a legitimate reason to carry out a search for someone, tell a judge and he can give the warrant out for a search.
119
What are the Constitutional exceptions to a warrant?
- hot pursuit
- consent
- motor vehicle searches
- stop and frisk operations
- border/airlines
- emergency
120
Describe the warrant exception of hot pursuit.
if one gets away from police, they can run after you, police do have to see someone. If one goes home, and police can go to their home, police will side with the warrant because of the exclusionary ruling anyway.
121
What would policemen usually use during a hot pursuit?
Police will go with the warrant because of the exclusionary ruling anyway.
122
Describe the warrant exception of consent.
If they receive consent from a person they want to go into their house, they can go in with permission.
123
What is curtilage?
Police looking around the area your house without going in
124
What other kinds of consent can police use without a warrant?
- curtilage
- open fields
- abandoned items
- aerial search
125
What is an abandoned items search?
Putting something out for garbage and if police see it they can look through it
126
What is an open field search?
Police looking at an open fields and if they see something bad, they can investigate
127
What is an aerial search?
If police fly over and see an issue, they can investigate
128
What are the rules for police with motor vehicle searches?
They can search interior of the car, legally anything within arms reach of any passenger if they see something bad
129
What are the rules for police looking at trunks in motor vehicle searches?
They need permission to look but can use open field searches and they can question to look through the windows if they see something.
130
Explain the warrant exception of a stop and frisk operation.
It is random search, stopping every certain cars in a normal procedure, as long as one car is not targeted.
131
Give an example of a stop and frisk operation.
DUI checkpoint
132
Explain the warrant exception of border or airline.
Applied consent to get on airplanes, border crossings, can search car or luggage if you cross through another country
133
Explain the warrant exception of Incident to Lawful Arrest.
Police can search someone if they see a clear issue happening
134
Explain the warrant exception of emergencies?
If someone dials 911 and has a home emergency, police can go into a house.
135
What is the 5th Amendment?
right to due process
136
What are one's protections under the 5th Amendment?
This protects you from double jeopardy, as you need an indictment of charges to know what you are being accused of. This also protects you from self-incrimination and procedural due process.
137
What are one's protections under the 6th Amendment?
Gives one the ability to subpoena witnesses, one can force people to testify, makes trials public, protects you against the government as they can't try you behind closed doors.
138
What is the 6th Amendment?
public trial amendment
139
What are one's protections under the 8th Amendment?
Protects you from cruel and unusual punishment
140
What rights as a criminal do you have in the 8th Amendment?
As a convicted criminal, you have rights, how long can you stay in solitary confinement, what rights you have in prison
141
What ruling is now a controversial issue from the 8th Amendment?
the death penalty
142
What did the case of Mapp v. Ohio discuss?
Exclusionary Rule
143
What is the exclusionary rule about in Mapp v. Ohio?
If the police make an illegal search, any evidence they find cannot be used against the convicted person, as police have to get the warrant, follow the procedure of due process.
144
When was the case of Mapp v. Ohio?
1961
145
When was the case of Gideon v. Wainwright?
1963
146
Describe Gideon's background leading up to his case versus Wainwright.
Gideon was poor, illiterate, he stole things from a club. What he stole was a misdemeanor, but how he stole it was a felony. He went to court, petitioned the judge to get a lawyer, and the judge denied him a lawyer, was convicted.
147
When Gideon was in jail, what did he do? Why did he do this?
He filed a writ of habeas corpus, a legal term for wrongful imprisonment because he was denied a lawyer because he couldn't afford one.
148
What did the case of Gideon v. Wainwright discuss?
You have right to attorney in felony cases, not just capital cases, if you cannot provide an attorney yourself, you will be provided one.
149
What were the effects of Gideon v. Wainwright?
Gideon's case was ran again with a new lawyer and Gideon was acquitted of his charges and found innocent.
150
When was the case of Escobedo v. Illinois?
1964
151
What did Escobedo v. Illinois discuss?
having a lawyer during custodial questioning
152
Describe Escobedo's background before his case vs. Illinois.
He shot his brother in law, drive by shooting from a car, arrested, interrogated for about 12 hours. He then confesses and goes to jail.
153
After his interrogation, what did Escobedo claim?
A testimony is used against him, he appeals to Supreme Court about putting him in questioning situation without a lawyer and that it violated his 5th Amendment rights
154
What did Escobedo say he would have done if he knew his rights?
He would have not confessed to his murder
155
What were the effects of Escobedo v. Illinois?
Created the Escobedo Rule
156
What is the Escobedo Rule?
You get an attorney from time of custodial questioning, not just until trial begins.
157
Can one waive the Escobedo Rule?
Yes
158
When was the case of Griffin v. California?
1965
159
What did Griffin v. California discuss?
self-incrimination protection (5th Amendment)
160
Describe Griffin's background before his case vs. California.
Griffin is arrested for rape and murder of female friend, at trial, he doesn’t take the stand. In closing arguments, they claim him guilty because he did not come up to the stand. He took this to the Supreme Court.
161
What did the Supreme Court rule in Griffin v. California?
Supreme Court said he had protection from self-incrimination, you cannot use that against him in that trial.
162
When was the case of Miranda v. Arizona?
1966
163
What did the case of Miranda v. Arizona decide?
One must be advised of their rights when in custodial surroundings
164
Describe Miranda's background before his case versus Arizona.
Miranda is accused of kidnapping and rape, he is arrested, questioned for 2 hours and found guilty in court, but did not have an attorney because he did not know he could have one.
165
What did Miranda file an appeal about?
Because no one told him that he could use an attorney in custodial questioning.
166
What did the Supreme Court rule in Miranda v. Arizona?
Miranda Rights with respect to attorneys and trials and custodial questioning.
167
What other cases and rules did Miranda v. Arizona's ruling tie in with?
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- Escobedo v. Illinois
- 5th Amendment
168
How did Miranda v. Arizona's ruling tie in with the other cases and rules?
Gideon (affording a lawyer), Escobedo (custodial questioning without attorney), 5th Amendment (protection of self-incrimination). These are now rights that any criminal has in a trial process and they must be told about these rights.
169
When was the case of Sheppard v. Maxwell?
1966
170
What did Sheppard v. Maxwell discuss?
Gag Rule and the Change of Venue for a case
171
Describe Sheppard's background.
He was a famous doctor and was accused of the murder of his wife.
172
According to Sheppard, how was his wife murdered?
Sheppard fell asleep, someone broke in, and this guy went and killed his wife
173
How was there a counterargument with Sheppard's account of his wife's murder?
There was no sign of anyone breaking in so they felt Sheppard killed her.
174
Why was Sheppard's case so popular?
Sheppard was popular doctor and the case was very intense
175
When was Sheppard convicted?
1954
176
What did Sheppard say about his trial? What did this lead to?
Wanted to appeal that he had an unfair trial because of the media and publicity of the case and he could not focus emotionally on the case.
177
What did Sheppard's appeal lead to?
The Gag Rule
178
What is the Gag Rule?
The publicity hurt the defendant, so this allows for a judge to close the court, to sequester a jury and lock the room without public there.
179
During Sheppard's case, what was everyone involved ordered to do? Why?
Everyone stays in the court and stays away from media and do not go home, to keep fair opinion and not make a huge deal about it.
180
Describe the change of location in Sheppard's trial.
They moved the trial in 1966 as Supreme Court redid the trial
181
Why was the change of location of Sheppard's trial carried out?
to create fairness and less media with the case and to keep everyone focused on the case at hand
182
What were the effects of Sheppard v. Maxwell?
When the case was redone, he was acquitted and innocent from the murder after 12 years in jail.
183
When was the case of Katz v. United States?
1967
184
What did Katz v. United States discuss?
“Right to Privacy in Public”
185
Describe Katz's background before his case.
Katz is running an illegal gambling area in an old payphone booth. Police knew it was public, police could not bother it, so police put listening device outside the phone, used recording against him.
186
What was the issue with the police's investigation of Katz?
The police did not have a warrant to search the phonebooth.
187
What was the ruling of Katz v. United States?
To search in areas of public, police would need a warrant.
188
When was the case of Terry v. Ohio?
1968
189
Describe the background of Terry v. Ohio.
There are three people standing outside a convenient store, waiting for right moment to rob the store, police officer sees them, notices it and does a terry search
190
What is a Terry Search?
A pat-down, airport random search
191
After the policeman's Terry Search, what did he find?
he finds guns on two of the potential store robbers
192
How did the potential store robbers respond to the policeman's search?
They came back and said he had no reason to search them because they had not done anything wrong yet.
193
What did the court say after the appeal by the potential robbers?
Court upheld the search because if a reasonably prudent man would sit there and think something bad will happen, then the police can conduct this search.
194
What did the victims counteragrue in Terry v. Ohio?
the scale of justice
195
What was the court's ruling in terry v. Ohio based on the scale of justice?
If public security is at stake enough that police can conduct a search without a warrant, you can consider where and when this takes place, but if police sense trouble, they can search without a warrant.
196
What is to subpoena?
To compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure.
197
Draw gerrymandering.
(Draw)
198
Who was Johnson's VP?
Hubert Humphrey
199
What was the state of Gomillon v. Lightfoot?
Alabama
200
Were the 60s and 70s the first Women's movements?
no
201
When was the Seneca Falls Convention?
1848
202
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, held convention, drew up declaration of rights for women.
203
What were the three main issues discussed at the Seneca Falls Convention?
- voting
- economic rights
- abolishing slavery
204
What was discussed at Seneca Falls in terms of voting?
19th amendment, ratified in 1920, women get right to vote
205
What was discussed at Senenca Falls in terms of economic rights?
To be able to control your own finances, if women owned a business, she needed a male cosigner to oversee finances for women, marriage automatically became her husband’s, if they got divorced, husband could take everything with him
206
Who gave the Keynote address at Seneca falls with regards to abolishing slavery?
Frederick Douglass
207
How were women's rights related to civil rights?
Women were compared as minority group, like blacks, two movements are very much linked together, women used inspiration from Civil Rights Movements to get their movement.
208
What did NOW stand for?
National Organization for Women
209
When was NOW founded?
1966
210
How was NOW founded?
22 women and men partly founded this over lunch
211
Where is NOW today?
It has 300,000+ members, annual budget of over $9M.
212
Who were the two main founders of NOW?
Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem
213
What book did Betty Friedan write?
The Feminine Mystique
214
What was the Feminine Mystique?
It complained about the idea of expectations for women, the stereotyping of women that all women want the same things.
215
What did Friedan feel when she wrote her book?
Friedan felt some want that, but not all women do, and women should have more opportunities in working and should not be forced to home and family.
216
What did Gloria Steinem do to promote women's rights?
She championed women’s issues in politics, birth control, marraige, and family through her views in her magazine.
217
What study prompted the Equal Pay Act?
In 1960, a study was done that showed women made 59c for every male dollar.
218
What are today's pay numbers, even after the Equal Pay Act?
Today, 15% more money for men between ages 25-50, and 38% more money for men between ages 51-65.
219
When was the case of Weeks v. Southern Bell?
1969
220
What was ruled in Weeks v. Southern Bell?
It included women as a protected minority group under the Civil Rights Act
221
When was the case of Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company?
1969
222
What was ruled in Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company?
Supreme Court found that if a woman was capable of doing physical labor of strong jobs, you couldn’t deny her the job just because she was a woman.
223
When was the case of Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company?
1970
224
What did Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company discuss?
Pay had to be “substantially equal” with the realization that it did not have to be totally equal, such as you could pay one more for a hire, but it had to be substantially equal, so it is close to fully equal.
225
What was the other factor with substantially equal pay?
pink collar jobs-jobs usually held by women
226
What is the rationale with equal pay with pink collar jobs?
Because these jobs had little prestige, looking at numbers, women are used to low pay because of little prestige jobs they had.
227
What was the other angle looking at women and how far they are willing to work?
Women seem to settle for low-paying jobs anyway, they take less prestigious jobs and less money, even if they try.
228
What is the glass ceiling theory?
At entry level positions, men and women are hired equally, promoted at the same rate, but when you get to middle management, women seem to stop, and men continue to go up in the ranks.
229
What is the ERA?
Equal Rights Amendment
230
When was the process of the ERA?
1972-1982
231
Did the ERA get its required 2/3 Congressional vote?
yes
232
What was the next step for the ERA?
They had to go to the states and ratify this, they needed 3/4 of the vote.
233
Did the ERA reach 3/4 of the states?
No
234
What were some of the states that did not ratify the ERA?
- Deep south
- Utah
- Arizona
- Illinois
- Nevada
235
Why did the deep southern states not ratify the ERA?
Because equal rights guarantee equal rights for every American citizen, deep south has always been against this.
236
Why did Utah not ratify the ERA?
Utah had mormons that essentially and socially controlled conservative government there
237
Why did Arizona not ratify the ERA?
Very conservative state, Goldwater was from there and did not like Johnson
238
Why did Illinois not ratify the ERA?
Because they knew women had all rights, it guaranteed something they already had, it was the obvious, legislative overkill
239
Why did Nevada not ratify the ERA?
They are very conservative outside of Vegas.
240
What was the main political issue with women?
Even though they had the right to vote, and their vote was represented, they felt there was no clear representation of women in politics.
241
Explain the heart disease theory during the women's rights movements.
Women went into workforce and started having heart attacks as well, the gap in age has decreased, as the stress level of work has caused heart diseases in both men and women, as men had more heart attacks from working, which is why they did not live as long as women.
242
Who were the two ever women VP candidates, who did they run with, and what year did this happen?
- Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 with Walter Mondale
| - Sarah Palin in 2008 with John McCain
243
Who have been the only Secretary of States we have had? Who have been President from these three women?
Hillary Clinton (Obama), Condoleezza Rice (GW Bush), Madeline Albright (Clinton)
244
In 1977, what were the percentages of women in each government?
4% of Congress
4% of State Legislature
2 Governors
245
In 1999, what were the percentages of women in each government?
12% of Congress
21% of State Legislature
4 Governors
246
In 2007, what were the percentages of women in each government?
17% Congress
24% of State Legislature
9 Governors
247
When was the case of Griswold v. Connecticut?
1965
248
What did Griswold v. Connecticut discuss?
birth control
249
What was ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut?
FDA approved the use of a birth control pill, made birth control more reliable.
250
What were the effects of Griswold v. Connecticut?
This case extended the right to privacy in the area of birth control with married women. It was a her body, her rights.
251
When was the case of Eisenstadt v. Baird?
1972
252
What was Eisenstadt v. Baird's ruling?
extended the ruling of Griswold v. Connecticut to unmarried women
253
When was the case of Planned Parenthood v. Matheson?
1983
254
What was discussed in Planned Parenthood v. Matheson?
Extended the ruling of Griswold v. Connecticut to all minors.
255
When was Roe v. Wade?
1973
256
What was Roe's system with birth control?
He divided it into three trimesters.
257
Explain the first trimester of Roe's birth control system.
States can place no limits, first three months it is abortion on demand, for whatever reason you want.
258
Explain the second trimester of Roe's birth control system.
Months 4-6 lets states get control, states may place limits if they want except when the pregnancy endangers the health of the mother.
259
Explain the third trimester of Roe's birth control system.
Months 7-9, states may ban abortion.
260
What is the idea of the possible banning of abortion in Roe's third trimester of pregnancy?
The fetus has been carried for 6 months now, it is considered a life outside the womb.
261
When was the case of Planned Parenthood of Southeast PA v. Casey?
1992
262
Describe the background at the time before Governor Casey of PA's planned parenthood case.
Governor Casey had just signed PA Abortion Control Act
263
What was the criteria under the abortion abilities of the PA Abortion Control Act?
Women had to be counseled on options and tested, given options with what to do, if she wants an abortion, she is given 24 hours waiting period because of how serious abortions are.
264
What does spousal notification have to do with Planned Parenthood of Southeast PA v. Casey?
The man does not have to approve it, but must be notified of pregnancy or abortion, maybe woman would not want him to know
265
Why was Roe Challenged with the birth control?
They are placing limits on women’s rights to have an abortion.
266
What was the ruling in Planned Parenthood of Southeast PA v. Casey?
Supreme Court upheld this law in PA, 24 hour waiting period and counseling was not big of a deal with the decision made
267
When was the Education Amendments Bill passed?
1972
268
What is the Education Amendments Bill?
Makes a connection to Civil Rights Act, saying equal education opportunity is available.
269
What did FMLA stand for?
Family Medical Leave Act
270
When was the FMLA passed?
1993
271
What is the FMLA?
It guarantees you 12 weeks of unpaid leave from your job upon the birth of a child or the death/illness of an immediate family member
272
How frequently can you use the FMLA?
Once every 2 years
273
What is the timing rule for FMLA during one leave?
You have to take this leave as a block of time in a row, cannot break it up.
274
Which President passed the FMLA and which one vetoed it?
George Bush vetoed it once, but Clinton signed it first week in office in 1993.
275
What were the No Fault Divorce Laws?
You could divorce without going to court and proving fault
276
Before the No Fault Divorce Laws were passed, how did divorces get carried out?
You had to prove fault if divorced before this law in court and then you could divorce
277
What were the effects of the No Fault Divorce Laws?
Divorce rate went from 25%-50%.
278
What is considered sexual harrasment?
Includes unwelcome sexual comments or asking of someone about sex, even stereotypical comments in general
279
When does sexual harassment become illegal?
When it is so offensive or severe that it creates a hostile or uncomfortable work environment.
280
What is the line for sexual harrassment?
No, stop...if one jokes and is insubordinate about it, it becomes harrassment.
281
Can one file charges for sex harassment even if the comments are not directed at them?
Yes, if they witness the comments, they can file a claim.
