Reagan Quiz Flashcards
(376 cards)
1
Q
When and where was Reagan born?
A
1911 in Tampico, IL
2
Q
What is one word to describe his upbringing?
A
dysfunctional
3
Q
Where did Reagan first move to? At what age?
A
At age 9 he moved to Dixon, IL
4
Q
What was Reagan’s father like?
A
he was alcoholic, traveling shoe salesman
5
Q
How did Reagan feel about his childhood?
A
Reagan feels isolated from others because he moved around a lot, dad had troubles moved jobs a lot, he never settled anywhere. He was respected for this, but had no close friends.
6
Q
What did he call his childhood?
A
gypsy-lifestyle
7
Q
What was Reagan’s mother like?
A
a fundamental Christian, from the Church of Disciples of Christ
8
Q
How does his mother affect Reagan’s personality?
A
She impacts how Reagan views the world, clear good and evil in his views of the world’s values, good fights evil, obliged to do that.
9
Q
What kind of schools did Reagan attend?
A
public high school
10
Q
What was his most formative experience?
A
was serving 6 summers as a lifeguard at Rock River in Illinois.
11
Q
What did he do as the lifeguard?
A
He saved 77 people from drowning
12
Q
What did he do as President relating to the lifeguards?
A
He hung lifeguard picture in his office.
13
Q
Why did Reagan hang the lifeguard picture in his office?
A
It reminded him that there was 77 people grateful for him, somewhere out there, people appreciate what he did even if he made some people mad.
14
Q
Where did Reagan go to college?
A
Eureka College
15
Q
What did Reagan do in college?
A
Majors in sociology and economics, not a great student, very socially active, 3 year letterer on football team, part of theater club there as well.
16
Q
What did Reagan focus on in college?
A
Social aspects on campus over academic smarts
17
Q
When did Reagan graduate? What was happening as he graduated?
A
In 1932, Roosevelt is elected, we are bottoming out of great depression
18
Q
After graduating, what did Reagan do?
A
Reagan finds a job as radio broadcaster, he does Cubs baseball games
19
Q
How did Reagan’s broadcasting help him for the future?
A
It develops his ability to reach people, as Reagan had to take facts of the game and create an image and story of the game for the listeners. He communicated so well, he was camera-friendly.
20
Q
What were his nicknames?
A
- The Great Communicator
- Dutch (kid)
21
Q
What career did Reagan pursue next?
A
Acting in Hollywood
22
Q
When did Reagan start acting?
A
1937
23
Q
Describe Reagan the actor.
A
- helped his communication skills even more
- not the greatest
- in almost all movies he is the hero
- fits how he sees himself in his mom’s values
24
Q
What was Reagan’s most popular film?
A
Knute Rockne-All-American
25
Who was Knute Rockne?
Notre Dame football coach
26
What happens in the movie?
George Gipp, team captain is ill and dying, teammates come to see him before the big game and Gipp asks them to win for him
27
Who did Reagan play in the movie? What nickname did he get for it?
He played Gipp and got the nickname "the gipper"
28
Who was Reagan's first wife? When did they marry?
actress Jane Wyman in the 1930s
29
Describe his first Marriage.
Hollywood image of perfect family, both very attractive, a Hollywood couple. He had two kids, another child who died at birth.
30
Shortly after marrying Wyman, what did he do?
He served in WWII Army
31
What was Reagan's role in WWII?
His benefit is using his communication skills in another way, he does training films for soldiers, tactics on how to fly a plane and war bond drives as actor propaganda
32
After WWII, what does Reagan do next?
Goes back to acting
33
What event alters his political views?
The Red scare and McCarthyism
34
What does he do during the red scare that alters his political views?
When Hollywood 10 are called, he will testify as friendly witness saying there are spies and Communists in Hollywood
35
Why is what he did with the red scare unusual?
He is in a labor union, when there is a strike during the Hollywood 10, he crosses the picket line and as head of the union, he switches from Democrat to Republican.
36
How did him leading the union lead to his political switch?
There was lots of violence in the labor strike, Reagan did not support that
37
What happens to his first marriage?
It ends in a divorce.
38
Why did Reagan divorce Wyman?
Wyman disliked his new political opinions and values and turning politically away from her..
39
After his divorce, what happens to his acting career?
It winds down
40
Why was his acting career struggling?
His strike views and the divorce and he stars in Bonzo series and animals get more money over him in the movies
41
What thing essentially saves his career?
GE Theater program
42
When did he participate in GE Theater?
1950s
43
What was GE Theater?
GE sponsored a movie every Sunday night
44
What did Reagan do during his stint with GE Theater?
He did the intro to the film speech
45
How did his stint with GE help him get out there?
TV is big with entertainment in the family, this brought him into everyone’s livingroom every Sunday night, trusted figure bringing good TV for the family, people associated Reagan with those times of the 50s
46
What did Reagan do during his stint with GE Theater?
He re-marries Nancy Davis
47
Who was Nancy Davis?
An actress who became Reagan's protector
48
How was Nancy a protector of Reagan?
She was very protective, would be unhappy if anyone said anything poorly about him.
49
How many kids did Ronald and Nancy have?
2
50
How did his stint with GE help his political views?
He goes to all the GE plants, it shapes his economic policy
51
What does he learn about his policy at GE?
He is hearing that government’s the problem at these places, too many regulations, limits on ability to make profits, as he heard workers say that taxes are too high, and government is messing things up, and develops conservative view.
52
When did Reagan first go into politics?
1966
53
What was his first political position?
Governor of California
54
When was he the California governor?
1966-1974
55
Why was being the California governor hard at that time?
Because of Vietnam and counterculture, San Francisco was a big area for protests, as well as at Cal, and the race riots in Watts and San Diego.
56
What did Reagan have to do with the Cal Vietnam protest?
His oldest daughter was a student at Cal when Reagan sent in National Guard to stop an anti-war protest.
57
What else did Reagan do as governor?
- wanted to rebuild the California economy
| - gives nominating speech for Goldwater in 1964
58
When did Reagan first run for President? Who did he run against?
1976 vs. Ford
59
How did Reagan fare in the 1976 election? What did he do afterwards? How did this election affect him?
He loses, but this puts him out nationally and sets him up to win later on, he then puts together “the conservative coalition.”
60
What is the conservative coalition?
It is the perfect system for republican if they want to win votes. Republicans are nearly unstoppable if this system works.
61
What are the four parts to the conservative coalition?
- Nixon's Silent Majority
- Business Leaders
- The Religious Right
- The "Hawks"
62
What is Nixon's Silent Majority?
White, middle class Americans, they have a sense of patriotism and are not protestors
63
Who are the business leaders?
The top 1% that Democrats are trying to tax on, elite, wealthy business leadership of America.
64
Who are the religious right?
Fundamental Christians in America, the “700 club people” they are anti-abortion, anti-gay marriage, based on religious values first
65
Who are the "Hawks"?
Pro-military people, people who believe American starts in military strength, fight for America first and we run on military.
66
Who did Reagan beat in the election of 1980?
Carter
67
Why was it a surprise that Reagan beat Carter in 1980?
It is very rare that an incumbent President loses, Carter is sitting President, and Reagan beats him badly
68
How much does Reagan win in 1980?
He wins all states except Georgia, Minnesota, WV, Maryland, and DC
69
Who did Reagan run against for re-election? When?
Walter Mondale in 1984
70
Who was Walter Mondale?
From Minnesota, Carter's VP
71
How much does Reagan win in 1984?
All but Minnesota, Mondale's home state
72
Does Reagan have popular mandate? How?
Yes, as well as the backing of the nation and an electoral vote landslide
73
What was Reagan's management style?
Chairman of the Board philosophy
74
How old was Reagan when elected?
69, the oldest ever President elected
75
What was the concern as he got older?
He had small Alzheimer's disease in his second term in which he could lose awareness.
76
What was Reagan's Chairman of the Board philosophy?
He sets the big picture and asks his people to get it done, does not matter how it is done, just make it happen, it is more detached from day to day decision making
77
What is the name for his closest advisors?
The Troika
78
Who are the people who make up the Troika? Why were they special to Reagan?
- James Baker, Chief of Staff
- Ed Meese, Attorney General
- Michael Deaver, Assistant Chief of Staff
- They capably served Reagan and worked closest to him in decision making.
79
What was Deaver's responsibility in addition to helping make decisions?
He kept tabs on Nancy
80
Why did Deaver need to keep tabs on Nancy?
Reagan loved her and valued her opinion, Nancy would come in and give ideas, and Reagan would agree with her and people thought she was nuts she was valued a bit too highly.
81
How did Deaver keep tabs on Nancy?
He had to divert Nancy from going into the meetings.
82
When was the Assassination Attempt of Reagan?
March 30, 1981
83
Describe the background before the assassination attempt.
Several weeks after inauguration, he is giving a speech at Washington Hilton, as he leaves, he has a 20-30 foot walk to the limo.
84
What is Reagan doing as he is nearly shot? Why was he doing this?
Reagan liked the popularity of being President, he goes out and meets people on his way to the limo.
85
How does the assassin fire at Reagan?
A quick pop pop pop of 6 shots being fired at Reagan
86
How did Reagan's assassination attempt differ from Kennedy's?
The security is much greater to protect Reagan.
87
Who is on hand there to protect Reagan?
- Agent Jerry Parr
| - Press Secretary Jim Brady
88
What happens to Parr at the assassination attempt?
He takes a bullet to the abdomen, and he takes Reagan and shoves him in the limo
89
What happens to Brady at the assassination attempt?
He takes a bullet in the head, gives him permanent head damage
90
After Brady's injury, what is passed?
The Brady Bill
91
What did the Brady Bill do?
It imposed five day waiting period on guns after purchase.
92
What actually happened to one of the bullets?
The bullet goes off limo, hits Reagan’s armpit, one inch from his heart, he did not realize he was shot.
93
After being shoved into the limo, what happens to Reagan?
They rush him to hospital, he walks in before he collapses, surgery saved his life, he is cracking jokes after surgery.
94
Who is not so amused during the whole hospital process?
Nancy
95
What joke does Reagan tell the doctor before surgery? How did the doctor respond?
I hope you are all Republicans. The doctor says Today we are all Republicans.
96
Who was the assassin?
John Hinckley Jr.
97
What was his goal by trying to kill Reagan?
His goal was to impress Jodie Foster
98
Why did he want to impress Jodie Foster?
He saw the movie Taxi Driver where Robert DeNiro and Jodie Foster get in love and thinks he proves his love for her by killing the President
99
What happened to Reagan after the attempt for the future?
It closes him off from Hollywood role, he never worked the fence line again, never worked across a tarmac. It closed him off from the public part of the Presidency.
100
Who decided Reagan should not go in public much anymore during his Presidency?
Nancy
101
What were the nicknames of Reagan's economic plan?
- Voodoo Economics
- Supply Side Economics
- Riverboat Gamble
102
What was Reaganomics' theory opposite of?
The New Deal
103
What is the typical answer during a recession?
To increase spending, take us out of the depression spiral, put in money, more jobs, work our way out of the depression
104
What side of economics did Reagan focus on?
the supply side
105
What theory was the center of Reaganomics?
The trickle down theory
106
How did Reagan's economic plan carry out?
He gives the wealth a tax break, and counts on them to re-invest money. When they re-invest, it creates more capital in their business, increases supply, prices go down, inflation is lowered.
107
What was the other half with Reagan's plan?
It increases jobs, increases demand, brings down recession.
108
What were the goals of Reaganomics?
- re-invest money from tax breaks
- deficit is erased
- inflation goes down
109
What kind of tax break did the wealthy get?
38-50%
110
What was the idea behind Reagan's economic plan?
They will take money from tax breaks, re-invest it, create jobs, generate demand, and money will trickle down and cause investment and deficit is erased more.
111
What film related to Reaganomics? What line of the movie shows this?
Wall Street, the line "greed is good."
112
How did the movie line relate to Reaganomics?
Reagan wants better economics and wants to take a tax break and turn it into big money.
113
What must be depended on the people getting the tax breaks?
They must keep re-investing
114
What was the early problem with Reaganomics?
Some people are not investing money, so they pocket the money, if money stops here and does not trickle, only the rich benefit
115
What were the parts of the Reagan economic plan?
- Tax Cuts and Reform
- Balance the Federal Budget
- Trickle down theory
- New Federalism
- Fed controls spending
- Reduction of entitlements
- Government deregulation
116
What were the tax cuts in Reagan's first years?
5% (1981), 10% (1982), 10% (1983)
117
How must you balance a budget?
You must decrease spending and increase income.
118
What was the federal deficit in 1980?
$80B
119
Does Reagan find the easy way to balance the budget?
No, because he spends less, but he lowers taxes, so government does not get direct money.
120
What happens if Reagan reduced the tax rate?
If he reduces tax rate, puts more people to work, sell more at a lower profit margin, if you lower things, more people buy it and generate more profit.
121
What theory did Reagan use to acquire money without getting people to pay taxes?
The trickle down theory
122
What was the trickle down theory?
Reduce the taxes for wealthy to create more money for investments and business, they can hire more workers by re-investing, build more, increase supply so prices go down, cost goes down, but creating more jobs, it fixes unemployment rate and creates demand for people to spend money.
123
What was the other name for New Federalism?
Shifting to Unfunded Mandates
124
If the money trickles right, what happens?
Jobs can be created, you can collect a lower tax rate for more people, can earn more money back.
125
What is the other part of the economic equation of balancing the budget?
cutting spending
126
How did Reagan try to cut spending more efficiently?
He shifted federal mandate programs from federally funded to non-federally funded mandates in the states.
127
What programs fall into federal mandate programs?
- social security
- school lunch
- federal housing
- highway programs
128
What does it mean for a program to be federally mandated?
It is required to be funded by the government
129
What is the benefit of shifting the federal mandate programs?
Less federal spending and work gets done to erase the deficit
130
What is the problem with federal mandate shifting?
States have more funding to worry about with millions of dollars.
131
Did the shifting help the federal government balance their budget?
Yes, but it put a huge burden on the states
132
What is the "fed"?
Federal reserve bank
133
How did Reagan have the fed control spending?
He raised interest rates and controls spending, as he is a conservative
134
What does it mean to be entitled to something?
Taking ownership of it, earning it.
135
What government programs are entitlement programs?
- Social Security
- Welfare
- Healthcare benefits
- Unemployment Comp.
- more...
136
What is the idea behind the entitlement programs?
You pay taxes for these, but when you need the help of these programs, it is there for you.
137
What did Reagan do to the unemployment comp?
He reduced it from 36 weeks support to 29 weeks.
138
What was good about Reagan cutting Unemployment Comp by 7 weeks?
Saves government money, helps to balance the budget
139
What is the problem with Reagan cutting the Unemployment Comp by 7 weeks?
People are mad because they are entitled to it and pay taxes for it and now get limits on it.
140
Does Reagan get away with cutting unemployment comp though? How?
Yes, his communication skills help people vote for him as he was very personable.
141
What else did Reagan reduce that was an entitlement program?
Social Security
142
Why did Reagan want to deregulate the government?
The government is in the way, too many agencies, OSHA, EPA, FAA, FCC, etc.
143
What does Reagan to do deregulate the government?
He downsizes these programs
144
What is the benefit of Reagan deregulating the government?
It saves money for government as Reagan feels the businesses can do this themselves.
145
What is the issue with deregulating the government?
It is a huge risk for the people that there are less precautions taken and less preparation and security.
146
What was the national debt in 1980?
$914B
147
What was the deficit in 1986?
$221B
148
What was the debt by 1989?
$3.1T
149
Did balancing the budget work?
No
150
What was the other problem in addition to the debt rising?
Homelessness was an all time high and unemployment rates were high.
151
What did Reagan think of the whole economic process?
It may hurt people now, but long term future wise, it will help.
152
What has the Cold War policy been for the last 40 years?
Containment in some kind of way, not eliminating Communism, hold the line against expansion
153
How does Reagan go for the Soviets?
He goes for the win and to eliminate it
154
Why is it surprising that Reagan goes for the win against the Soviets?
His moral background of good vs. bad and trying to do morally wrong against them.
155
What kind of plan is his for the Soviets?
economic
156
What was Reagan's strategy for the plan?
To drive the Soviets into an arm’s race, if our economy can build weapons the likes of which the world has never seen, he spends a ton of money on weapons and challenge the Soviets to match us weapon for weapon
157
Why is his challenge strategy good?
Our economy can provide for our people, but if the Soviets spend lots of money on weapons, their command system can not provide for their people as well.
158
What could happen if Soviet people are not helped by the government?
They can become hungry and poor, break them financially, people are angry, they may begin a rebellion against the Soviet government to start a fight.
159
How do you start a fight?
Insult them, ask them if they want to fight, get aggressive and strong before it gets physical.
160
Who met with Reagan to discuss his foreign policy?
Nixon
161
Why did Nixon discuss foreign policy with Reagan?
He felt it was impractical and felt detente was better
162
How did Reagan feel about Nixon coming in?
He respected him, but felt picking a fight with the Soviets would work better.
163
What skills did Reagan use to show America his plan would work?
communication skills
164
What did Reagan label the Soviets as?
An evil empire
165
How did the evil empire statement relate to Reagan?
Sums up the Cold War and what it means to him.
166
What did Reagan mean by evil in his evil empire statement?
Does good (US) tolerate evil (USSR), good cannot coexist with evil, his mother’s values with good vs. evil, now Reagan has called them out.
167
What did Reagan mean by empire in his evil empire statement?
He means they conquer and are out to control others.
168
How did Reagan pick his fight with the Soviets?
- challenged the arms race with the Soviets
- called them nasty names
- capsulized the evil empire
169
What is the difficult part of his Soviet strategy?
Spending the money for the weapons.
170
How much does Reagan spend in military spending? What kind of weapons did he spend it on?
$1.64 T in new technological weapons.
171
What weapons are spent with Reagan's money that are advanced?
- Trident Nuclear Submarine
- ICMBs
- B-I Stealth Planes
172
What kind of ICBMs did Reagan buy and make?
- the MX Missile
| - Peacekeeper Missile
173
What is Reagan's military strategy opposite of?
SALT and reducing weapons, he creates rather than limits.
174
How much did a B-I plane cost?
$1B per plane
175
Why were B-I Stealths so effective?
It is difficult on radar to find because of the technology to find, it is a long range bomber.
176
Do the new weapons really challenge the Soviets?
Not really
177
What is the tactic that does challenge the Soviets?
SDI
178
What did SDI stand for?
Strategic Defense Initiative
179
Was SDI real?
No, just a theory
180
What was the SDI theory?
To use satellites and lasers to shoot down ICBMs from the Soviets, put a big laser shield on the US
181
What happens when a ICBM is fired?
It is not active until it hits the ground, it goes into upper atmosphere and goes all the way down.
182
What would happen if satellites were there protecting the US from the ICBMs?
Satellites are up here so lasers hit the apparatus before hitting the US.
183
How did the Soviets feel about the SDI theory?
This scared the Soviets
184
Why did SDI scare the Soviets?
- Takes away MAAG and SALT
- we get the Soviets and they cannot get us
- they believe this fake theory
185
What did people call the SDI theory?
Star Wars
186
How did Reagan talk about the SDI theory?
He talked like it was a real thing, he made science fiction real.
187
When did the SDI theory develop?
March 1983
188
Who did he get to help? Did they buy in? What would have happened if they did not win?
He got Margaret Thatcher (UK) and Helmet Coal (Germany) for their support. They both bought into this. Without their support, he would not get away with this fake theory.
189
Do citizens know about the SDI plan?
No
190
What became the decoy for the SDI plan to become real?
The American space shuttle
191
Did the American people support the plan?
Yes, because of the space shuttle
192
How did the Soviets respond to the space shuttle?
They felt it was real, as we had a carrier going to space.
193
How were the space shuttles set up?
A plane on a rocket that can hold 40 satellites
194
How many space shuttles did we have?
3
195
Do the Soviets have the ability of using space shuttles yet?
No
196
What would happen if we launched all 3 space shuttles at the same time?
Ie changed a whole balance of terror for the Cold War.
197
How do the Soviets respond to the space shuttle?
They buy into it and try to fight us back.
198
Who were their leaders during the beginning of the SDI theory?
Konstantin Chernenko and Yuri Andropov
199
Describe Chernenko and Andropov. How did their backgrounds relate to their military strategy against the US?
They were both old, applied old military tactics to us by using their old Soviet military mentality training, which was to keep fighting back and get a war.
200
What happened to the Soviets after picking their strategy?
They fell into the trap Reagan wants them to get into. They start spending the money matching us dollar for dollar
201
What happens as the Soviets are trying to keep matching us?
The pressure builds on them, the people get upset and boil over.
202
What happens if the Soviets do not do something about pressure?
People get more angry, as they feel the strain of the economy trying to beat the US instead of helping their own people.
203
What happens with the anger of the Soviet people?
The USSR chooses a new leader.
204
Who is the new leader of the USSR?
Mikhail Gorbachev
205
Describe Gorbachev.
He is different than any other Soviet leader, charming, nice, charismatic
206
What did the Soviets try to do with Gorbachev?
out-Reagan Reagan
207
How does Gorbachev try to Out-Reagan Reagan?
He cuts him off with ease to show America they have nothing to fear. He also came to New York with his wife and was well-spoken.
208
What did Gorbachev think his trip to New York would do for the American people?
He used his charisma to show Americans there is nothing to fear and hoping this will deteriorate Reagan's support.
209
What is Gorbachev's first course of action?
Negotiating with Reagan, turning the heat down in the weapons matching battle.
210
What was the name for the negotiating between Reagan and Gorbachev?
START
211
What did START stand for?
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
212
When and where were the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks between them?
- Geneva in 1985
- Reykjavik in 1986
- Washington in 1987
- Moscow in 1988
213
What happened at Geneva in 1985?
Gorbachev was negotiating and asked Reagan to go for a walk and talk away from everybody to try to get him to work in Gorbachev's favor.
214
How do people feel about Gorbachev and Reagan going for a walk?
People are worried if Gorbachev is slick and can convince Reagan to agree with him.
215
Does Reagan fall for anything on his walk with Gorbachev?
No
216
What is Gorbachev's top demand before negotiating with Reagan?
getting rid of SDI
217
What is Gorbachev really trying to do with getting rid of SDI?
To tell Reagan if he gets rid of SDI, he will negotiate anything with him and lure him into losing the barrier we have with SDI.
218
Does Reagan take the bait of removing SDI?
No
219
What is the only treaty the two make?
The INF Treaty
220
What does INF Treaty stand for?
Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty
221
What were the intermediate nuclear forces discussed in the treaty?
These were deployed in Europe that both sides contained.
222
What did the INF treaty do?
They concede these intermediate nuclear forces in and out of Europe
223
Why did the INF treaty concede these forces in and out of Europe?
Europe has no shield, like the SDI theory and Reagan wants to put his German and British supporters out of potential harm's way.
224
With Gorbachev under pressure, how does he try to vent the pressure with Reagan not taking his bait?
He comes up with Glasnost and Perestrokia
225
What does Glasnost translate to?
openness
226
What did Gorbachev do in Glasnost?
He allowed for greater Freedom of Speech for his people.
227
Why did Gorbachev allow for more freedom of speech?
To show the US they are not as bad as the US says and he can vent his people's pressure and they can complain and express how they feel.
228
Does Glasnost create an expectation of change?
No, but it makes people feel better after venting it.
229
What could be the problem with Glasnost?
It gives someone with no complaint as a singled out person and could sway opinions if majority believes in something and put more pressure on the authority.
230
What does perestroika translate to?
economic restoration
231
What was the Soviet's economic system so far?
Soviets had command economy
232
What has caused the Soviets to reform their economic policy?
They are under pressure with Reagan's challenge with military and their people worry more about food and shelter.
233
What does Gorbachev do with perestroika?
He turns it to a free market system based on biggest needs.
234
What is the problem with the economy?
It cannot provide everyone's needs.
235
What does Gorbachev do to ensure people get their needs?
He prioritizes the spending and lets people get their needs if federal money is being spent on military goods.
236
Who did Reagan have as an anti-Soviet ally?
Pope John Paul II
237
What religion are both?
- Pope is Catholic
| - Reagan is non-Catholic, but a fundamental Christian
238
Why do both support anti-Communism with respect to religion?
Communism is atheist.
239
Where is the Pope from? Why is this significant to being anti-Soviet?
He is from Poland, a republic part of the USSR
240
How did the conflict in Poland begin?
There was a labor union solidarity, but under Soviets, labor unions are illegal. There are about 1M members in the union.
241
Who is the leader of the large Polish union?
Lech Walesa
242
What happens to Walesa for being in charge of the union?
He spends years in jail
243
What did Reagan and the Pope feel about Walesa going to jail?
They do not like it and feel they should do what they want.
244
What do Reagan and the Pope do in response to the union issues?
They allowed the union to meet in the Churches of Poland to cover.
245
How did Reagan help get the unions to hide in Churches?
Reagan applied economic pressure on Poland, not allowing Polish airlines in US and turns up economic pressure
246
What is the big effect of Reagan's pressure on Poland?
They become the first republic to break from the Soviet Union.
247
Who was the first Polish Prime Minister?
Tadeusz Mazowiecki
248
When did Poland break from the USSR?
August 24, 1989
249
Was this Poland's first attempt to break from the Soviets?
No
250
What are the effects of Poland breaking from the USSR?
Spills through eastern Europe in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania all break away.
251
What did the labor strikes bring out about the USSR?
They show a weakness in them and these seceding nations are taking advantage of this.
252
What else is the other effect of Eastern Europe starting to secede?
The Unification of Germany
253
What event causes the Unification of Germany?
The Berlin Wall Falling
254
How many republics make up the USSR?
15
255
What is the largest republic of the USSR?
Russia
256
How did the strike pressure and secession pressure impact the Soviets?
It impacts them itself
257
With this pressure of the Soviets economically, what is easily done?
More republics can start to secede more easily because of the pressure put on the Soviets
258
Where does secession start?
In the Baltic with Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
259
Why did the Baltic States secede?
They had own political and cultural traditions, did not like Soviet rule.
260
Who was part of the second round of breaking from the USSR?
It breaks into Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia
261
With all this secession pressure, what is brought out about the Soviets?
Their government is not being controlled well and they must change their government system.
262
What government does Russia come up with?
A Republic government with a President
263
Who was the first President of Russia?
Boris Yeltsin
264
When is most of the finishing touches of the Soviet Union finished?
After Reagan's Presidency, it was handled more by George Bush.
265
How did George Bush have handle the breaking of the USSR?
He had to apply the right amount of pressure and support and not to over power them and get them aggressive.
266
What was the benefit of beating the Soviets? What was its risk?
All this came at great costs and works for us, as it eliminates the Communist superpower of the world.
267
What are the big Middle Eastern conflicts?
- Arab-Israeli conflicts
- Russia and Mujadeen
- terrorism
268
What has been our role in the Middle East?
Our role as peacemaker relates to Camp David.
269
What are our interests in the Middle East?
- oil and OPEC
- containing the Soviets
- keeping Soviets out of the region
- alliance with Israel
270
Why do we care about our alliance with Israel?
They are the lone Democracy in Middle East, we care about their existence and conflict with Palestine.
271
What does the Middle East show us about peace?
not everyone likes peace
272
What happens to us with us being the peacemaker in the Middle East?
-We involve ourselves in trying to make peace and it makes us a target for battle
273
What has happened with Middle East conflict at the time?
Egypt has recognized Israel, and they are in conflict with Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, who are against Israel. There is also a war in Iraq and Afghanistan.
274
What is the big conflict group relating to Israel?
the PLO
275
What does PLO stand for?
Palestinian Liberation Organization
276
What has been going on between the PLO and Israel?
The PLO uses terrorism, Israelis hunt them down, arrest and trying them, executing them in Israel.
277
With all their arrests and attacks in Israel, what does the PLO do next?
They move into Lebanon
278
Where is Lebanon located?
North of Israel
279
Why did the PLO want to go into Lebanon?
To go across the line, base in and out of Lebanon, do terrorism in Israel, and escape back across the line.as in a hiding land.
280
How does Israel respond to the PLO attacking and using Lebanon?
Israel invades Lebanon as they need to attack back when they see the PLO attacking from Lebanon.
281
What is the problem with Israel invading Lebanon?
Lebanon is a whole another country.
282
What happens when Israel invades Lebanon?
Lebanon and the rest of the regional anti-Israel countries rally around Lebanon to get Israel out.
283
What could the middle east rally with the Lebanon conflict cause?
A major war
284
What is risked for the US if this war broke our in Lebanon?
-Disrupts our oil imports and our security for Israel and we may have to get involved. Also, what do the Soviets do about this?
285
What becomes our role in Lebanon?
Negotiating with the PLO and Israel, trying to create peace and lower tension.
286
What do we do to break up the PLO-Israel conflict in Lebanon?
We get PLO and Israelis to listen to us and work out an agreement.
287
What did both Israel and the PLO listening to us represent?
This shows the respect and authority other countries had shown for us. It also showed our power in the world.
288
What did we want to do by talking to the PLO and Israel?
To get them out of Lebanon.
289
Why did we want to get the two out of Lebanon?
There could be a huge war with the whole region.
290
What do we do when we work things out with Israel and the PLO?
- We put Israel back to Israel
- We put the PLO back to the Gaza Strip and West Bank
- ask Israel to keep negotiating and compromise
- PLO needs to stop terrorism
291
Who is the PLO's leader?
Yassar Arafat
292
What are the religions of each nation?
- Palestine-Muslim
| - Israel-Jewish
293
Describe the background between Israel and Palestine.
Israel was created after WWII, splitting the land with Palestine, and then they beat Palestine in a war to keep most of the land. Some Palestinians have no room to live, so they are going after Israel with terrorism.
294
After our role in the PLO-Israel conflict in Lebanon, what happens to us?
We have become a target for terrorism and these countries are trying to attack us.
295
What are some of the attacks that follow the PLO-Israel conflict?
- US Embassy in Beirut
- US Marine Barracks
- Israeli HQ
- US Embassy
296
Where did the Beirut attack take place?
Beirut airport
297
What happened at the Beirut airport?
We are moving supplies in and out of the airport and a suicide bomber attacks us.
298
What was the result from the Beirut airport?
US airplanes would no longer travel through Beirut.
299
What happened with the marine barracks incident?
A Middle Eastern terrorist truck bomber bombed a marine barrack right through the wall, killing some of our marines in Beirut.
300
What was the effect of the marine barrack incident in Beirut?
You can no longer go straight through a barrack, you must go around to checkpoints.
301
What was another attack involving the PLO and Israel?
The Italian Cruise Ship, Achille Lauro
302
When was the Achille Lauro incident?
October 1985
303
Describe what happened before the Achille Lauro and leading up to it.
PLO wants to release their prisoners in Israeli jails.
304
What happens with the Achille Lauro incident?
The PLO hijacked the ship leaving Egypt and holds passengers hostage, shipped to Syria and demanded the release of 50 prisoners.
305
Where were many of the passengers from?
America
306
How did Reagan respond to the hostages of the ship and the airplane?
He deployed Navy SEAL forces to prepare for a possible rescue attempt to free the vessel from its hijackers.
307
Where was the ship headed?
Toward Syria then Port Said, Egypt
308
What did the hijackers decide to do as they were heading up?
They decided to put the hostages on an Egyptian airliner and abandon the ship. They were flown towards Tunisia.
309
What happened to the airliner?
It was intercepted by people from ships linked to the USS Saratoga and they were directed to land at a NATO base in Sicily.
310
After the Egypt airliner landed in Sicily, what happened?
Under the orders of U.S. Secretary of Defense; there, the hijackers were arrested by the Italian police.
311
Why did they use an aircraft to take the prisoners?
They would take them to Libya where al-Qaddafi will protect them.
312
After our victory in arresting these terrorists in Italy, what are the effects?
More attacks in:
- Rome and Vienna
- Germany Bombing in Disco
313
What incident has created a small conflict for the terrorists and us?
Al-Qaddafi has drawn line of death in Gulf of Sidra, if someone crosses the line, they will die.
314
What is Reagan's response to the Libyan line of death?
Operation El Dorado Canyon, where Reagan has our fleet cross the line into the bay.
315
How does al-Qaddafi try to attack us back?
He tries to attack us with fighter planes.
316
How do we respond to al-Qaddafi's response of using fighter planes?
- We shoot the planes down
| - We bomb his house
317
Was al-Qaddafi home when we bombed his house?
No
318
Who was killed in al-Qaddafi's house bombings?
It killed one of his wives, and his oldest son.
319
Who else is killed in the Gulf of Sidra incident?
5 hostages.
320
What is the result of us winning the Gulf of Sidra incident?
PLO terrorists are performing more attacks.
321
What attacks are the PLO still doing?
- PanAm flight 73
| - PanAm flight 103
322
How many died on the two PanAm flights?
Flight 73-20 dead
| Flight 103-270 dead
323
Where was PanAm flight 103 flying out of?
Lockerbie, Scotland heading to the US
324
What are the three problems with Latin America?
- poverty
- Juntas
- unstable government
325
What do the Juntas and unstable government lead to?
It causes military dictatorships which leads to unstable government and Communism.
326
Why do we care about Latin America?
- it is very close in our area
- we have economic investment in Latin America
- we worry about Domino Theory if Communism would expand
327
What countries dealt with Communist threats in Latin America?
Grenada and Latin America
328
What was the problem that caused the Grenada incident?
Communists from Cuba invade Grenada, overthrow their government and executed their leader.
329
Who was the leader of Grenada who was injured?
Maurice Bishop
330
Why were we so concerned about Grenada's invasion?
- There were over 200 American students on the island at St. George Medical School.
- Domino Theory of Communist expansion in the western world
- Grenada is a big nutmeg producer
331
Why were we worried about the American medical students in Grenada?
Similar to Iran, could we get into a hostage crisis?
332
Why were we so worried about Grenada being a big producer of nutmeg?
That would take away a big import for us.
333
How did Reagan respond to the Cuban invasion of Grenada?
He launched Operation Urgent Fury
334
What did we do in Operation Urgent Fury?
We land 1900 Army Ranger Marines and attack the Communists
335
How did Operation Urgent Fury play out?
Within hours, we secure most of the island, a few days later, we rescue the students, take Communists as prisoners, and come back home with the students.
336
What is Reagan's big scandal as President?
The Iran-Contra Affair
337
Where did the Iran-Contra affair start?
In Nicaragua
338
What was happening in Nicaragua at the time?
A Civil War
339
Who is fighting in the Nicaraguan Civil War?
The Contras and Sandinistas.
340
Who were the Contras?
The Democratic forces, Reagan labeled them as freedom fighters.
341
Who were the Sandinistas?
Communists
342
How did Reagan respond to this Civil War going on?
US sends money and weapons to the Contras
343
What did Reagan feel about the Civil War in Nicaragua?
Reagan wants the Contras kept alive in body and spirit and needs them to win the war
344
What is the problem with Reagan giving aid to the Contras?
Congress looks at this Civil War and sees Vietnam
345
How did Congress see another Vietnam War in Nicaragua?
- it is a Civil War
- Communism v. Democracy
- guerrilla warfare is used
- jungle terrain
- no exit plan
346
What did Congress do because they did not want us to go to Nicaragua?
They pull the plug on the aiding and passed the Boland Amendment.
347
What really was the Boland Amendment?
A rider on a bigger bill, not a real amendment
348
What is a rider?
A sub-part of a check and balance.
349
Why do Congresses pass these rider bills?
If Congress wants a bill, but they know President will veto it, they will attach it onto another bill that the President wants.
350
Why do Congresses attach riders to larger bills?
President must reject it all or accept it all
351
Did Reagan approve of the bigger bill?
Yes, and that meant the rider bill was passed as well.
352
What did the Boland Amendment do?
It stopped direct help for the Contras and forbade us to give them financial aid.
353
When Reagan found out about the Boland Amendment, how did he feel?
He is furious and wants to keep people alive and he wants the Contras kept in this war.
354
What is going on in Iran and Iraq during the Contra affairs?
Between 1980 and 1988, Iran and Iraq are in a brutal dragged out war
355
What happens to Iran and Iraq during this war?
Iraq will be bankrupt and has to invade Kuwait and Iran is running out of weapons.
356
Why are Iran and Iraq fighting?
over land and oil
357
What did Reagan do with the Iran-Iraq war?
He has his people secretly sell weapons to Iran.
358
Why did Reagan sell weapons to Iran?
They are in desperate need of weapons and will pay the high price for it. This way, we make money to help the Contras in Nicaragua.
359
Is the Iran affair kept secret? Why?
Yes because Americans would be mad about it because of the Iranian Hostage Crisis.
360
Did the Iran-Contra affair violate any law? If so, which ones?
Yes, the Arms Export Control Act.
361
How did Reagan and his men violate the Arms Export Control Act?
In order to sell weapons to someone else, he needs Congress's approval, he secretly sells weapons to Iran.
362
Where did the money from Iran go towards?
It goes into a fictional fund called the “Lake Resources Group, Inc.”
363
What is the Lake Resources Group?
It is just a bank account name.
364
Where does the money go from the Lake Resources Group?
Money is filtered through many bank accounts, and is added to accounts of people who believe the Contras should be kept alive, and it is used to buy weapons to send to the Contras
365
After receiving weapons from us, how did things play out in the Middle East?
Iran uses their influence on Lebanon and the PLO to release the hostages back to the US, Americans held by the PLO in Lebanon get home because of Iran receiving weapons from us.
366
Who was the head of the Iran-Contra affair?
Oliver North
367
Who was Oliver North?
A colonel in Army who worked on this plan.
368
What incident blows the lid off the Iran-Contra affair?
The American plane flown by Eugene Hasenfus
369
What happens with Hasenfus's plane?
It is shot down above Nicaragua, he survives and is captured by the Sandinistas and has the weapons, and everything is leaked out.
370
How did Congress handle the Iran-Contra affair?
Congress does an investigation.
371
How did the investigation begin?
North testifies he was behind the Iran-Contra affair.
372
How did North feel about testifying?
He was proud he did it and said he would do it again.
373
Who else is investigated in the scandal?
Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger, and George Schultz, Secretary of State
374
Does the investigation reach Reagan?
No
375
Why did it not reach Reagan?
There was no secret tape for evidence of him discussing it and he is able to get away with it.
376
How did Reagan get away with the scandal?
Assumes that don’t ask don’t tell policy, he does not care as long as Contras are still alive. He did not discuss much with the men involved.
