Lecture 10: Behavioural therapies and applications

Question 1

***What are the main ways to increase desired

behaviours?

Answer 1

1. Reinforcement (+/-)
2. shaping
3. prompting,
4. modeling
5. conditioning, etc

Question 2

***What are the main ways to decrease

undesired behaviours?

Answer 2

1. Extinction
2. punishment (+/-),
3. counter-conditioning,
4. flooding,
5. DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviour)/omission, etc

Question 3

***What is the theoretical basis for:
– Systematic desensitisation
– Flooding

Answer 3

systematic desensitization
- counter-conditioning a fear response to a stimulus with deep relaxation response

flooding
- based on two-factor view of avoidance: classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning

Question 4

some behaviours are reinforcing if they
are highly likely to be performed in a
situation.

Answer 4

premackian reinforcers

Question 5

Some remarkable successes have been
reported with the use of __________ as reinforcers
(conditioned reinforcement)

Answer 5

token

Question 6

why is using token reinforces successful?

Answer 6

1. Do not interfere with the behaviour,
2. Not subject to satiety,
3. Can be given immediately,
4. ‘Universal reinforcers’ can cater to individual
   tastes,
5. Portable

Question 7

Lovaas (1967, 1977) used ___________ to
teach young autistic children to interact with
others and speak

Answer 7

operant principles

Question 8

_____________ is due to a loss of
stimulus control over sleeping. Normal people
sleep well in their own beds (and not in others)

Answer 8

insomnia

Question 9

what are the 2 forms that classical conditioning can interact?

Answer 9

1. implicit

2. explicit

Question 10

an expectation that a particular event will

occur in a given situation

Answer 10

explicit

Question 11

general states or reflexive reactions in
situations based on the occurrence of some event in
the past in a similar situation

Answer 11

implicit

Question 12

explicit is used for

Answer 12

cognitive behavioural change

Question 13

What theory is based on two factor theory that is used for avoidance

Answer 13

flooding

Question 14

flooding is based on the two-factor view of avoidance

behaviour, what are they?

Answer 14

1. classical conditioning component

2. instrumental component

Question 15

• Signal predicts the aversive event

- Signal comes to elicit fear

Answer 15

classical conditioning component

Question 16

• Initially, response stops the aversive event

- Later, response removes the signal, reducing fear.

Answer 16

instrumental component

Question 17

what must be done to treat avoidance?

Answer 17

1. The response must be blocked
2. The signal is then presented and the classically
   conditioned fear allowed to extinguish

Question 18

what are the ethical problems of control?

Answer 18

1. education
2. institutional care
3. mass marketing and easy credit

Question 19

One way to avoid problems of feelings of

control or coercion is the ____________

Answer 19

behavioural contract

Question 20

the return of the original problem with

time or a change in circumstances

Answer 20

relapse

Question 21

the development of a new

behaviour derived from the original cause

Answer 21

symptom substitution

Question 22

One popular criticism of behavioural therapies is

that ______________________

Answer 22

they don’t treat the underlying cause of the

behaviour

Question 23

what is CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy)?

Answer 23

1. An acknowledgment of the role of internal
   factors in behaviour
2. An importance on looking at how people
   analyse and evaluate events
   3.A look at how emotions and cognitions affect each other

Question 24

what are the new ways of thinking that CBT teaches?

Answer 24

1. Cognitive restructuring
2. Avoid distortions
3. Teaching skills to manage emoti onal responses to
   thoughts, and vice versa.

Question 25

what are the 3 behaviours that is discussed in behvaioural analysis?

Answer 25

1. increasing behaviour 2. eliminating behaviour 3. maintaining behaviour

Question 26

what are the ‘Behaviours that alter future behaviour?".

Answer 26

1. Stimulus control (e.g., studying), 2. Distraction (ignoring easy options), 3. Precommittment, 4 Self-reinforcement (reward self for achieving targets)

Question 27

Counter conditioning a fear response to a stimulus with a deep relaxation response

Answer 27

systematic desensitization

Question 28

_________________ is driven by desires

Answer 28

psychoanalysis

Question 29

fear of having a panic attack

Answer 29

agrophobia