Lecture 4: Motivation

Question 1

Can produce paradoxical reward. Spontaneous recovery. Explain partial Rft. Respond more resilient to frustration.

Answer 1

Motivation and performance

Question 2

Learning without behavior. Rft provides impetus to perform. Learning vs performance. Food is not benefitting learning only motivating them

Answer 2

Latent learning

Question 3

Observation on what animals usually engages in. High probability behavior (more preferred). Low probability behavior (less preferred). Relative behavioral property. Rft depends on current preference of the individual (Rft is dynamic).

Answer 3

The premach principle

Question 4

______________ outcome reinforces the S-R association

Answer 4

Motivation

Question 5

What are the 2 instrumental conditioning?

Answer 5

1. Habitual

2. Two-Process theory

Question 6

Insensitive to changes in motivation for the outcome, but discriminative stimuli influence motivational states. E.g. Cigarette cravings for smokers

Answer 6

Habitual

Question 7

As Stimuli is associated with outcome, it elicits emotional states.

Answer 7

Two-Process theory

Question 8

Through pairing outcome 1 with aversive outcome (e.g. Poison). Through situation using only outcome 1 (e.g. Free feeding long exposure)

Answer 8

Outcome devaluation

Question 9

What affects performance of previously learned responses?

Answer 9

Internal states

Question 10

What is a motivational response to the omission of an expected reward

Answer 10

Frustration

Question 11

What produces a paradoxical reward effect

Answer 11

Frustration

Question 12

What strengthens a response?

Answer 12

The omission of a reward

Question 13

What reinforcement is present in the presence of a frustration

Answer 13

Partial reinforcement

Question 14

What is critical for learning

Answer 14

Motivational properties of the reinforcer

Question 15

What is the result of S-R learning

Answer 15

Satisfaction

Question 16

What kind of learning occurs if learning is without behavior

Answer 16

Latent learning

Question 17

What provides impetus to perform

Answer 17

Reinforcement

Question 18

What is reinforcement?

Answer 18

Increase in response when paired with reinforcer

Question 19

What is reinforcer

Answer 19

Stimulus/event that causes reinforcement

Question 20

What makes biologic needs motivate behavior?

Answer 20

Drives

Question 21

What is behavior organized to do?

Answer 21

To Satisfy needs

Question 22

What is the formula of behavior

Answer 22

Behavior = habit (learning) X drive (motivation)

Question 23

What is a stimulus that reduces drive

Answer 23

Reinforcement

Question 24

What involves behavior of its own (e.g. Consumption). That is equal to increasing access to preferred behaviors.

By Premach

Answer 24

Reinforcement

Question 25

What does the Premach principle states?

Answer 25

1. What behaviors an I individual is most likely to engage in 2. High probability behavior (more preferred) 3. Low probability behavior (less preferred) 4. Relative behavior property

Question 26

Reinforcement depends on what?

Answer 26

The current preference of the individual (reinforcement is dynamic)

Question 27

What influences motivational states

Answer 27

Discriminative stimuli

Question 28

What theory represents the association between stimulus and outcome that elicits emotional state? S-O learning

Answer 28

Two process theory