Flashcards in Lecture 22: Auditory Perception 1 Deck (34):
1
Why is hearing important?
• Allows us to locate stimuli in the
environment
• Always alert to potential danger
! We cant close our ears!
• Vital part of communication
2
_________ is a repetitive change
in air pressure over time
sound
3
Sound travels through space as ________
waves
4
which is longer sound waves or light waves?
sound waves
5
What is the differences between sound and light waves?
Sound waves are long (0.0172 - 17.2)
Sound can bend (light only straight lines)
Sound produced rather than reflected.
6
Light wavelengths are measured in ___________
nanometers
7
physical vs psychological
frequency is to ______
amplitude is to ______
complexity is to _______
Frequency – Pitch
Amplitude – Loudness
Complexity – Timbre
8
How does timbre differ?
Presence of different levels of harmonics.
9
How is sound captured and signalled?
Outer ear - Gathers sound (funnels it), position of elevation.
Middle - Amplifies signal
Inner - Location, frequency mapping.
10
________ contains
primary
receptors
and is filled
with fluid
cochlea
11
______ are muscles which control the
middle ear bones
tensor tympani
12
_________ protects us from damaging loud sound bursts
middle ear or tensor tympani
13
What is the human frequency range?
20Hz - 20 kHz
14
The __________ of a wave
determines the pitch of the sound we perceive
frequency
15
Frequency is measured in ___________
Hertz (Hz)
16
What is the range that we are most sensitive to (i.e. Human Hearing Threshold Curve )
2000-5000Hz
17
_________ is the
relationship
between
frequency and
pitch
mel scale
18
____________ tells us the
degree of compression (or rarefaction)
of the sound wave (height of the wave).
amplitude or intensity
19
Amplitude is measured in ________
decibels (dBs)
20
_____________ is how we perceive amplitude and is frequency dependent
loudness
21
What does the inverse square law mean?
Energy from the source dissipates with distance.
or
sound attenuation or
decrease of sound intensity from a point
source based on the reciprocal of the
square of the distance
22
Which frequencies dissipate less over distance?
Lower frequencies (sounds from a long way away sound muffled with low frequencies)
23
refers to a decibel scale with a standard
reference pressure (Pr) of about
Sound Pressure Level
(SPL)
24
The ear is sensitive to an enormously
wide range of __________
pressure amplitude
25
___________ is a logarithmic scale
that compresses human range
the decibel scale
26
It is the ratio of a pressure to some
reference pressure
Decibels (dBs)
27
__________ is the lowest
frequency which determines pitch
Fundamental frequency (pitch)
28
________________ multiples of the fundamental frequency
harmonic frequency
29
refers to how we perceive the
tone or quality of a complex sound
timbre
30
all have a different timbre (‘colour’)
because their __________ differ
higher harmonic
31
complex patterns added to the lowest, complex patterns added to the lowest,
or fundamental fundamental, frequency of a sound, , frequency of a sound,
referred to as ___________
spectrum envelope
32
spectrum envelopes enable us to spectrum envelopes enable us to
distinguish
musical instruments
33
Multiples Multiples of fundamental fundamental frequency frequency
give______
music
34