Flashcards in Lecture 14: Behavioural Genetics Deck (10):
1
***How can heritability estimates be calculated from twin studies?
1. Monozygotic twins raised together
2. Dizygotic twins raised together
3. monozygotic twins raised apart
4. adopted siblings
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Ratio of Phenotype variance/Genetic variance
2
***What is a quantitative genetic analysis of
behaviour?
1.characterize quantitatively a behavioural phenotype in a given population/strain derived from nature or by artificial selection
2. Examining the changes in phenotype in sets of progeny from test crosses between different populations
3. infer statistically the number of genes responsible and their interactions
3
***What are single gene studies of behaviour?
Testing hypothesised genes from quantitative analysis.
=> Studying the contribution of likely candidates for a phenotype based on what is known about their neurobiological bases
– Alcohol dehydrogenase for alcoholism
4
***What are the problems in explaining behaviour with genetics?
1. lack of evidence for any complex psychological trait that is determined by a single gene
2. meaning of genetic marker
vagueness in incorporating a mechanistic role for the gene in the phenotype
4. a definitional problem with behaviour
5
The measurable expression of a trait is the
phentotype
6
what is the Phenotypic variance formula?
(Vp) = Vg + Ve + Vge
note:
Vg = Genetic variance
Ve = Environmental variance
Vge = Gene-Environment interac4ons
7
_____________ is the component of the variance
of the phenotype that can be explained by
heritable factors
heritability
8
what is the formula of heritability quotient of a trait?
h2 = V(g) / V(p)
9
problems with quantitative analysis
1. Results do not identify individual genes
2. Necessity for large pedigrees & crossmating
makes human studies unlikely
10