Flashcards in Restrictive/Inflammatory Lung Disease Deck (23):
1
In restrictive lung diseases, the compliance is ____ and the airway resistance is ____.
compliance = decreased (more stiff)
resistance = decreased
2
A decrease in lung compliance can occur via which 3 mechanisms?
1. Increased thickness of the lung interstitium
2. Increased lung water
3. Increased alveolar surface tension
3
How does the thickness of the lung interstitium become increased?
increased deposition of elastic/connective tissue in chronic interstitial lung disease or lung injury
4
Increased lung water is most commonly seen with ____.
congestive heart failure
5
Increases in alveolar surface tension tend to cause _____ which reduces compliance.
alveolar collapse
6
What causes ARDS?
lung injury to the type II alveolar cells
7
The PV curve is _____ in restrictive lung dz.
flatter and shifted down
8
______ are usually the earliest manifestation of interstitial lung disease.
Symptoms with exercise
9
DLCO is ______ in restrictive disease.
decreased
10
Name 4 known causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
1. Autoimmune disease
2. Exposure to inorganic dusts (typically occupational dusts such as silica or
asbestos)
3. Exposure to organic molecules that result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
4. Drug effect
11
What can cause idiopathic ILD?
sarcoidosis and the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
(IIPs)
12
The presentation of most forms of ILD is the insidious onset of ______.
dyspnea on exertion
13
Therapy for many forms of ILD involves ______.
immunosuppression
14
Pulmonary fibrosis is a generic term that refers to ______.
lung scarring
15
_____ is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is characterized pathologically by noncaseating granulomas.
Sarcoid
16
Sarcoid is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is characterized pathologically by _______.
noncaseating granulomas
17
What is a granuloma?
compact collections of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes
18
This is a compact collection of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes.
a granuloma
19
What do granulomas often secrete? What does this cause?
calcitriol; hypercalcemia
20
What is Lofgren’s syndrome?
1. Inflammatory arthritis
2. Erythema nodosum
3. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
21
Dx?
1. Inflammatory arthritis
2. Erythema nodosum
3. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Lofgren’s syndrome
22
What is the tx for Lofgren’s syndrome?
none, it's self limiting
23