Set 11 Carbs and Lipids Flashcards
How many kcal/g in carbs?
4
What % of diet should come from carbs?
50-55%
what is a ketone?
multiple hydroxyl groups
Sugars with one or two single sugars:
simple carbs
What is sorbitol?
surar alcohol from glucose
How are carbohydrates oxidized?
citric acid cycle
How are excess carbs stored?
glycogen or FA stored as triglycerides in adipose
What raises blood glucose levels?
glucagon, epinepherine, glucocorticoids, thyroxine, and growth hormone
What lowers blood glucose levels?
insulin
What are the catabolic pathways for carbs?
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation “the Big 4”
What are the two forms of carbs?
starch and sugars
What kind of bonds are found in carbs?
glycosidic
Which is digestible, alpha or beta?
alpha
What bond is straight chain?
4-Jan
Which bond is branched?
6-Jan
What monosacs have 6 carbons?
glucose and fructose
What monosacs have 5 carbons?
ribose
What carbs have a1-4 bonds?
maltose, amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen (*-also have a1-6)
What makes maltose?
glucose + glucose
What makes lactose?
glucose + galactose
What makes sucrose?
glucose + fructose
What bond is found in cellulose?
b1-4