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NBCE Part 1 > Set I > Flashcards

Set I Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

all neurons and supporting cells

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2
Q

What does the notochord induce?

A

the ectoderm to become the neuroectoderm

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3
Q

What is the remnant of the notochord?

A

nucleus pulposus of the IVD

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4
Q

What does the ectoderm form?

A

the neural plate

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5
Q

What does the neural plate form?

A

the neural groove which houses the spinal cord and brain vesicles

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6
Q

What does the neural crest develop into?

A

branchial arches, PNS, schwann cells, pia and arachnoid, sacral parasympathetics, sensory and autonomic ganglia, mesencephalic nucleus of V, melanocytes, bones and CT of head, DRG, Ganglia of CN V, VII, IX, and X, and adrenal gland medulla

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7
Q

What does the neural plate develop into?

A

macroglial cells: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons of the CNS, ependymal cells, and retinal cells (MOANER)

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8
Q

What does the endoderm epithelium form?

A

the lining of the digestive tube and its associated structures

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9
Q

What are the parts of the primitive gut?

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut, and allantois

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10
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

glands, buccal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pharyngeal pouches and pharynx

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11
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

duodenum, jejunum, appendix, and part of the transverse colon

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12
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

part transverse, sigmoid and descending colon, rectum and upper anal canal

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13
Q

What makes up allantois?

A

urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate, and urethral glands

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14
Q

What do somite cells form?

A

the sclerotome

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15
Q

What does the sclerotome become?

A

vertebral column (cartilage and bone)

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16
Q

Where is the foramen ovale located?

A

between the interarterial septum

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17
Q

What does foramen ovale become?

A

fossa ovalis

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18
Q

Where is the ductus arteriosus located?

A

bypasses pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta

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19
Q

What does ductus arteriosus become?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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20
Q

Where is the dectus venosus located?

A

bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver

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21
Q

What does dectus venosus become?

A

becomes ligamentum venosum

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22
Q

Where is the umbilical vein located?

A

ligamentum teres

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23
Q

What does umbilical arteries become?

A

medial umbilical ligaments

24
Q

What is urachus?

A

duct of allantois

25
Q

What do glioblasts give rise to?

A

astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

26
Q

What is the most numerous cell of the CNS?

A

astrocyte

27
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

most numerous cells of the CNS, acts like CT, part of the BBB, form scar like tissue in injury

28
Q

What do oligodendrocytes form?

A

myelin

29
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

they line the CNS, ciliated, and create a “leaky” barrier between the CSF and CNS

30
Q

What are microglia?

A

phagocyte, neural tube cells, lesser in number

31
Q

What is the function of neuroblasts?

A

to make neurons

32
Q

What are the three types of internuncial neurons?

A

commissural, association, and projection

33
Q

What are commissural neurons?

A

between the two hemispheres of the brain

34
Q

What are association neurons?

A

between different parts of the same hemisphere

35
Q

What are projection neurons?

A

from lower centers to cerebral cortex

36
Q

What is the most common neurons of the CNS?

A

multipolar

37
Q

What are cell bodies and dendrites made of?

A

gray matter

38
Q

What are myelinated axons made of?

A

white matter

39
Q

What does the prosencephalon give rise to?

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

40
Q

What does the telencephalon become?

A

forebrain

41
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the telencephalon?

A

I

42
Q

What are the neural canal regions of the telencephalon?

A

lateral ventricles separated by septum pellucidum

43
Q

What does the diencephalon become?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal, retina, mamillary body and posterior pituitary

44
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the diencephalon?

A

II

45
Q

What are the neural canal regions of the diencephalon?

A

foramen of monroe (intraventicular foramen) (1st and 2nd to 3rd ventricle)

46
Q

What does the mesencephalon become?

A

midbrain

47
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the mesencephalon?

A

III and IV

48
Q

What are the neural canal regions of the mesencephalon?

A

cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

49
Q

What does the rhombencephalon give rise to?

A

metencephalon and myencephalon

50
Q

What does the metencephalon become?

A

Pons and cerebellum

51
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the metencephalon?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

52
Q

What are the neural canal regions of the metencephalon?

A

4th ventricle

53
Q

What does the meyencephalon become?

A

medulla oblongata

54
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the meyencephalon?

A

IX, X, XI, and XII

55
Q

What are the neural canal regions of the meyencephalon?

A

4th ventricle

NBCE Part 1 (40 decks)

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