Set 2

Question 1

What are the two parts of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 1

neocortex and allocortex

Question 2

What % of the cerebral cortex is made of the neocrotex?

Answer 2

90%

Question 3

What is found in the neocortex?

Answer 3

six cerebral cortex laminae (mostly synaptic activity)

Question 4

What is the diencephalon mostly formed by?

Answer 4

thalamus

Question 5

What is the function of the diencephalon?

Answer 5

relay for cortex, processes sensory info, sleep, consciousness, and a motor relay

Question 6

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 6

postural adjustments, steadying voluntary movements, and enkephalins

Question 7

What do striatal lesions of the basal ganglia cause?

Answer 7

tremors (ex: Parkinson’s, Hunington’s chorea, and ballism)

Question 8

What is included in the basal ganglia?

Answer 8

corpus striatum, amygaloid nucleus, and claustrum

Question 9

What is the brainstem made up of?

Answer 9

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 10

What is the brainstem conduit for?

Answer 10

ascending and descending tracts

Question 11

Where are the reflex centers for respiration, cardiovascular, and consciousness located?

Answer 11

the brainstem

Question 12

What CN nuclei are found in the brainstem?

Answer 12

CN III - XII

Question 13

What does CSF taste like?

Answer 13

sweet

Question 14

What are the meninges from inside out?

Answer 14

pia, arachnoid, dura (PAD)

Question 15

What space is a spinal tap accessing?

Answer 15

subarachnoid space

Question 16

What is the innermost layer of the neural tube made up of?

Answer 16

ependymal cells

Question 17

What produces CSF?

Answer 17

choroid plexus

Question 18

Where is CSF resorbed?

Answer 18

arachnoid granulations

Question 19

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 19

31 pairs

Question 20

What is the function of dorsal nerve roots?

Answer 20

sensory (afferent)

Question 21

What is the function of ventral nerve roots?

Answer 21

motor (efferent)

Question 22

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 22

L1-L2

Question 23

What do we call the end of the spinal cord?

Answer 23

conus medullaris

Question 24

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 24

roots for lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves through the lumbar cistern

Question 25

What is the midbrain composed of?

Answer 25

tectum and peduncles

Question 26

What is the function of the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius?

Answer 26

CSF exchange between 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 27

What makes up the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 27

substansia nigra, tegmentum, crus cerebri, and CN III and IV nuclei

Question 28

What is the function of the substansia nigra?

Answer 28

dopamine created from tyrosine and melanin is the by-product (causing dark color)

Question 29

What fibers are included in the crus cerebri?

Answer 29

corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar, and corticomesencaphalic (eye movement)

Question 30

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 30

integration of “momentary” static muscle contraction, joint tension, visual and auditory input regarding equilibrium

Question 31

Where is the vermis found?

Answer 31

medial cerebellum

Question 32

Where is the paleocerebellar cerebellum found?

Answer 32

anterior

Question 33

What is the function of the paleocerebellar cerebellum?

Answer 33

general muscle tone

Question 34

Where is the neocerebellar cerebellum found?

Answer 34

posterior

Question 35

What is the function of the neocerebellar cerebellum?

Answer 35

coordination of skilled movements

Question 36

What is the function of the archicerebellar cerebellum?

Answer 36

equilibrium

Question 37

What is another name for the archicerebellar cerebellum?

Answer 37

flocculonodular

Question 38

What is another name for the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 38

corpus medullare

Question 39

What fibers are found in the corpus medullare?

Answer 39

afferent, efferent, commissural, and association fibers

Question 40

What types of neurons are found in the gray matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 40

purkinje, golgi II, stellate, basket, and granular

Question 41

What is the blood supply to the cerebellum?

Answer 41

branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries

Question 42

What are the cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral and small to large?

Answer 42

fastigial, globus, emboliform, and dentate (FGED, flowers grow every day)

Question 43

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 43

crude sensation and integrations “relay center”

Question 44

What is the function of the cortex?

Answer 44

conscious interpretation and movement

Question 45

What is the main pathway between the thalamus and cortex?

Answer 45

through the internal capsule and corona radiata

Question 46

The postcentral gyrus is the primary __________ cortex

Answer 46

sensory

Question 47

The precentral gyrus is the primary __________ cortex

Answer 47

motor

Question 48

What are the descending tracts?

Answer 48

lateral corticospinal and anterior corticospinal, rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, tectospinal, Reticulospinal (pontine & medullary)

Question 49

What are the ascending tracts?

Answer 49

posterior columns (Fasciculus and gracilis), posterior & anterior horns, dorsal & ventral spinocerebellar, lateral & and ventral spinothalamic , spinotectal, spinoreticular

Question 50

What will an upper motor neuron lesion cause?

Answer 50

+deep tendon reflex, +muscle tone, +pathlogical reflex (Babinski), spasticity, hypertrophy, clonus, -superficial reflexes (bilateral)

Question 51

What will an lower motor neuron lesion cause?

Answer 51

-deep tendon reflex, -muscle tone, no pathological reflexes, flaccidity, atrophy, fasiculations (muscle tremor), and -superficial reflexes (unilateral)