Flashcards in Text Chapters 6 and 25: Cellular Reproduction Deck (69)
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1
Interphase
chromatin is diffuse, individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished
2
Mitosis
nuclear division retaining the original chromosome number
3
Meiosis
nuclear division reducing the chromosome number, leading to sperm or eggs
4
Cytokinesis
cytoplasmic division
5
Prophase
chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope breaks down, each chromosome appears as a pair of chromatids attached at their centromeres
6
Metaphase
chromatid pairs align at the cell equator
7
Anaphase
sister chromatids separate and are drawn to opposite poles by spindle fibers
8
Telophase
chromosomes have reached poles of a cell, spindle disperses, nuclear envelope surrounds chromosomes, chromosomes becomes diffuse, nucleolus forms
9
Chromosome
a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism
10
Chromatid
one copy of a duplicated chromosome, which is generally joined to the other copy by a single centromere
11
Centromere
the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids
12
Crossing Over
homologous pairs exchange genetic information (chromosomes with combinations of maternal and paternal traits)
13
Spindle
a group of parallel threads stretching across the cell between its two ends (poles), where they connect to each pole at the centriole
14
Homologous Pair
diploids have pairs of chromosomes, each homologous pair is genetically matched so that the genes are arranged in the same order
15
Meiosis I
reduction division, separation of homologous chromosomes into two different nuclei, chromosome number reduced to haploid, crossing over occurs
16
Meiosis II
equational division, duplicated chromosomes separate, no change in chromosome number
17
Three Sources of Genetic Variation Related to Sexual Reproduction
alleles come from two parents, crossing over, reassortment of homologues
18
Cell Type at Start (Mitosis)
diploid
19
Cell Type at End (Mitosis)
diploid
20
Are Products Identical? (Mitosis)
yes
21
Number of Chromosome Duplications Prior to (Mitosis)
one
22
Pairing of Homologues (Mitosis)
no
23
Crossing Over (Mitosis)
no
24
Number of Chromosome Divisions (Mitosis)
one
25
Cell Type at Start (Meiosis)
diploid
26
Cell Type at end (Meiosis)
haploid
27
Are Products Identical? (Meiosis)
no
28
Number of Chromosome Duplications Prior to (Meiosis)
four
29
Pairing of Homologues (Meiosis)
yes
30
