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PAtho > Unit 20 > Flashcards

Unit 20 Flashcards

1
Q

cellulitis

A

bact infc of deeper dermis and subcu

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2
Q

why is cellulitis danger

A

dt continuity of sub cu layer and inc in space

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3
Q

what causes cellulitis

A

bact that enters these layers, mostly
strep puogenes
staph aures

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4
Q

strep pyogenes

A

aerobic bact, oppurtunistic, inc in strep throat, exists in urt as normal flora in dec numbers

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5
Q

staph aures

A

appears in dec numbers as normal flora on skin. also normal flora in nasal pts in some pts

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6
Q

how does bact enter in cellulitis

A

compromised skin

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7
Q

where does cellulitis bact norally enter

A

foot (via athletes foot) and ascends up

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8
Q

what other areas does cellulitis affect

A

hands, pinna of ear, feet, calves

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9
Q

where else can bact spread in cellulitis

A

lympathetic system

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10
Q

tx for abx

A

mild: oral abx, sev: IV abx (7-14)d

inc reoccurance

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11
Q

comp if cellulitis if left untx

A

lymphangitis
bacteremia via sepsis
gangrene

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12
Q

psoriasis

A

chornic integ condition with extensive inflm

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13
Q

how long does it take for basal cells to move up to the surface normally

A

1 MO

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14
Q

how long does it take basal cells to move up to the surface in psorasis

A

3day

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15
Q

what does the rapid cell cycle in psoriasis cuase

A

abn formed cells, cell stacking -> forming scaly patches

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16
Q

et psorasis

A

largely idiopathic
genetic (30percent)
autoimmunity

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17
Q

what triggers autoimmune resp in psoraisis

A

t cells triggered by skin trauma

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18
Q

patho of psorasis

A

skin truama-> activated t cells -> mediators -> accelerated epidermal cycle and abn/unexplained change in growth of keratinocytes and blood vessels

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19
Q

what does the influx of infm cells cause in psorasis

A

skin/inflm damage

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20
Q

why do cells stack in psorasis

A

inc epidermal cell turnover meaning cells cant die and shed, so they stack

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21
Q

mnfts psorasis

A

prsoriatic patches
nail dystrophy and damage with progression
prostatic arthritis

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22
Q

where do prostatic patches occur in psorasis

A

elbows, knees,scalp, sacrum

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23
Q

why does nail pitting and dystrophy occur in psoriasis

A

change in keratin -> inc amounts -> brittle nails

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24
Q

what percent of pts experience brittle naisl

A

30-50 percent

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25
Q

psoriatic arthritis

A

autoimmune problem in smaller, distal joints like fingers and toes

26
Q

what percent of pts have psoriatic arthritis

A

15-20% ots

27
Q

1st approach tx in psoriasis

A

topical meds

28
Q

which topical meds may be used in psorasis

A

vit d
steroids
renenoids

29
Q

fx of vit d in topical meds for psorasis

A

dec of # keratinocytes and t cells, regulates them

30
Q

fx of retenoids in topical med tx for psorasis

A

dec inflm and modulate keratinocytes

31
Q

more sev approach for psorasis

A 
methotrexate
cyclosporine
phototx
topical application of tar
biologic agents like tnf
32
Q

cyclosporine

A

cytotoxic, immunosupressants

33
Q

fx of phototx in psorasis

A

controlled and regulate exposure to UV B light to surpress and decrease cell cycle

34
Q

fx of biologic agents like TNF

A

causes apoptosis of extra normal cells

35
Q

what percent of skin ca’s make up all ca

A

1/3

36
Q

3 major types of skin ca

A

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

37
Q

what 2 types of ca;s make up 90% of skin cas

A

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

38
Q

et of skin ca

A

inc sun exposure/uv light exposure causing cumulative exposure

39
Q

actinic keratosis

A

pre ca lesion most pts present with

40
Q

what percent of cure rate occurs with early detection

A

95%

41
Q

nevus/nevi

A

moles/beningn growth

42
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common ca with best progress

43
Q

where does basal cell carcinoma arise

A

in basal cells of lower epidermis

44
Q

characteristics of basal cell carcinoma

A

slow growing, appears on exposed surfaces,.

local invastion+destr, no pain

45
Q

characteristics of lesions on basal cell carcinoma

A

dome shaped, nodular lesion, similar in most pts in early stages

46
Q

does basal cell carcinoma met

A

no

47
Q

tx/dx for basal cell carciona

A

biopsy

48
Q

what happens in late stage basal cell carcinoma

A

change in lesions with latge stages (pt spec)

49
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma originate

A

keratinocytes

50
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma usually appear

A

exposed surfaces

51
Q

characteristics of leisons ins squamous cell carcinoma

A

fast growing, poorly defined, with variable appearance

52
Q

can squamous cell carcinoma affect local strs

A

yes (deep skin

53
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma met to

A

local lymph nodes

54
Q

malignant melanoma origin

A

melanocytes

55
Q

characteristics of malignant melanoma

A

worst form, inc progression, rapid progression with mets

56
Q

where does malignant melanoma form

A

exposed and non exposed surfaces

57
Q

main features of malignant melanoma

A

change in lesion over 3-8mo
double/inc in size
change in colour/multi colours

58
Q

what other mnfts occur in lesions of malignant melanoma

A

prutis, bleeding, crusting, ulcerations, irregular border, raised border

59
Q

where does malignant melanoma mets to

A

bone, brain, lung , liver

60
Q

tx for skin ca

A

early detection

excision

61
Q

what is skin ca prevalence proportional to

A

age (cumulative exposure)

62
Q

what is skin ca inversely proportional to

A

melanin

PAtho (31 decks)

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