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PAtho > Unit 7 Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

asthma

A

reversible episodes of airway obstr dt inflm, subside w intervention

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2
Q

what causes m spasm in asthma

A

hyperactivity of aw m. wall

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3
Q

why do asthma pts experience inc reoccurence

A

inc sensitivity to stimuli

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4
Q

asthma et

A

complex trait

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5
Q

which pts have inc in asthma

A

pts with eczema or hay fever

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6
Q

common asthma triggers

A 
allergens
aw irritants
exercise
strong odours
cold air
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7
Q

basic patho for asthma

A

trigger -> inc H rxn -> 2 phased response

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8
Q

what is it to be said about the 2 phases of asthma response

A

may not always progress to the 2nd part

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9
Q

what does an allergen cause stimulation of

A

mast cells

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10
Q

what do mast cells release when triggered by an allergen

A

histamine, luekotrenes, interluekins, prostaglandins

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11
Q

what does release of mediators by mast cells cause

A

bronchospasm, vasodilation

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12
Q

what is the first part of the late phase

A

infiltration of inflm cells, rls of cytokines and interluekins

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13
Q

in late phase, what does aw inflm do (5)

A

inc aw response, edema, dec mucociliary fx, epithelial injury, dec air flow

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14
Q

2 fx of luekotreines

A

dx type 1 H reaction

leads to aw inflm

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15
Q

what must occur for the acute phase to happen

A

prior sensitization to allergen

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16
Q

what happens in the acute phase during subsequent exposure to an allergen

A

allergen binds to IgE coated mast cells causing mediator rls and inflm

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17
Q

how do allergens enter submucosa in teh acute phase

A

via intercellular junctions that open dt inflm/med rls

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18
Q

what causes aw edema in the acute phase

A

inc permb and inc mucous sec

19
Q

what fx stimulates bronchospasm (acute phase)

A

PNS

20
Q

what leads to lumen compromise in the acute phase

A

exudate, mucous, aw swelling

21
Q

what is dyspnea and wheezing dt

A

forceful airflow thru lumen

22
Q

what compensatory change occurs in acute phase of asthma, why

A

aw constr dt ag stimulation to dec amount of air intake

23
Q

peak and duration of acute phase

A

5-10m

1h

24
Q

what effects inc in the late phase of asthma

A

inc in other inflm cells
self perpetuating cycle with inc length
inc in vasc perm, edema, aw responsiveness, edema

25
Q

when does the late phase in asthma peak

A

4-8h

26
Q

how long can the late phase in asthma last

A

days-wks

27
Q

what does the influx of inflm cells in the late phase cause (2)

A

epith damage

dec mucociliary fx

28
Q

what is dec mucociliary fx in the late phase related to

A

inc bact growth rt inc mucous prod

29
Q

what happens during a hyperactive aw response dt inflm

A

responds to NEW triggers

more freq and sev episodes

30
Q

what receptors cause bronchoconstr

A

alpha adrenegic receptors

31
Q

what receptors cause bronchodil

A

beta adrenegic receptors

32
Q

what secondary messenger facilitates physologic bronchoconst/dilation

A

CAMP

33
Q

what theory is queryed when questioning lack of bronchodilation in asthma

A

lack of beta receptor stimulation

34
Q

what mnfts occur during an attack

A

dyspnea,wheezing, immbolization, inc WOB, bronchospasm, coughing, ventilatory compromise

35
Q

why is a pt with an asthma attack immbolized

A

dt inability to breathe

36
Q

what does inc WOB present with

A

nasal flaring and accessory m use

37
Q

why does a pt with an asthma attack cough

A

in attempt to clear sec from URT

38
Q

Dx for asthma

A

Hx, px, labs, pulm fx tests

39
Q

what is important to remember about pulm fx tests when dxing asthma

A

you cannot use them to seperate asthma and aCOPD

40
Q

prevention and prophylaxis for asthma attacks

A

avoid ag’s (pt spec)

no smoking, including 2nd hand smoke

41
Q

what 4 step course of drugs is used to tx asthma

A

inhaled short acting bronchodilator
inhaled steroid
add long acting bronchodilator
short course oral steroid

42
Q

what 3rd drug might be added to the 4step course when txing asthma

A

leukotrine receptor agonist or theophylline

43
Q

which drugs from the 4 course tx are inc in long phase

A

inhaled steroids, long acting bronchodilators

44
Q

which drugs from the 4 course tx are usually only used in the short phase

A

1 and 2

PAtho (31 decks)

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