Unit 8

Question 1

atelectasis

Answer 1

collapse of part of lung leading to impeded filling

Question 2

what type of problem is atelectasis

Answer 2

str problem

Question 3

when is atelectasis permanent

Answer 3

if alveoli and wall are stuck together

Question 4

3 types of atelectasis

Answer 4

obstr/resorptive
compression
contraction

Question 5

what is obstr/resoprtive atelectasis dt

Answer 5

aw obstr (by mucous?) -> trapped air -> air is apsorbed into caps -> local collapse

Question 6

what is compression atelec dt

Answer 6

ext p on lungs causing collapse

Question 7

what is contraction atelec dt

Answer 7

lung trauma -> healing pulls area of injury together by depositing scar tissue -> pulls ends together -> contraction -> collapse of part of lung

Question 8

mnfts of atelec

Answer 8

dyspnea
tacnypnea
dec chest expansion
inc hr

Question 9

what is dyspnea rt in atlec

Answer 9

l/o lung capacity

Question 10

what is tachypnea rt in atlec

Answer 10

dec vent

Question 11

is tachypnea in atlec compensatory

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

why is there inc hr in atlec

Answer 12

collapsed areas cannot expand leadint to dec chest expansion

Question 13

is inc hr in atlec compensatory

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

dx for atlec

Answer 14

px
cxr (large area)
ct (small area)
bronchoscopy

Question 15

tx for atlec

Answer 15

tx cause

Question 16

plueral effusion

Answer 16

accum of fluid in plueral space

Question 17

what is pleural effusion dt

Answer 17

dt abn seepage or drainage

Question 18

what is pleural effusion directly rt

Answer 18

transcap exch/seepage

Question 19

exudate in plueral effusion

Answer 19

inflm fluid with inc protein content

Question 20

transudate in PE

Answer 20

non inflm fluid with dec protein content

Question 21

empyema in PE

Answer 21

purulent fluid dt bact inf

Question 22

hemothorax in PE

Answer 22

blood

Question 23

chylothorax in PE

Answer 23

lymph

Question 24

Et of PE

Answer 24

usually CHF

infc, ca, infarct

Question 25

why may infection cause PE

Answer 25

inc exudate

Question 26

why may ca cause PE

Answer 26

tumor->obstr

Question 27

why may infarct cause PE

Answer 27

obstr

Question 28

why may obstr cause PE

Answer 28

areas prior to obstr have inc in fluid -> impaired TCE

Question 29

how does fluid enter parietal memb

Answer 29

parietal caps

Question 30

where does excess fluid drain into

Answer 30

parietal lymphatics

Question 31

what happens when fluid entry into parietal caps exceeds drainage

Answer 31

PE

Question 32

what are mnfts of PE based on

Answer 32

cause and vol

Question 33

3 main mnfts of of PE

Answer 33

dyspnea
plueritic pain
lung compression

Question 34

why does dyspnea occur in PE

Answer 34

poor ventilation

Question 35

why does plueritic pain occur in PE

Answer 35

fluid accum applies in P in lungs

Question 36

dx of PE

Answer 36

XR ( large vol) US, CT

Question 37

Tx of PE

Answer 37

identify cause

Question 38

how do you identify cause of PE

Answer 38

fluid analysis via paracenthesis

Question 39

when do you use a chest tube to tx PE

Answer 39

for slower, long term drainage if problem cant be fixed quickly

Question 40

when can PE fluid not be drained

Answer 40

if fluid has inc viscosity, -> sx

Question 41

what if PE is a reoccuring problem

Answer 41

palliative pts only, use a sclerosing agent to remove space between membs