Flashcards in Unit 5 Deck (55):
1
cleft lift
incomplete fusion of maxillary/nasal strs
2
when in gestation does cleft lip occur
wk 5-8
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et of cleft lip
congenital dt teratogen
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how is cleft lip described
indent, fissure, uni or bilateral
5
incidence of cleft lip
1-700 life births
6
what teratogens may cause cleft lip
smoking
viral infc
folic acid def
7
cleft palate
incomplete fusion of palatine str
8
when in gestation does cleft palate occur
wk 9-12
9
what str is malformed in cleft palate
nasal str
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occurance of cleft palate
1-2000
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predispostions for cleft palate
smoking
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tx for cleft palate
sx or graft
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major issues with cleft palate
speech
breathing
14
pyloric stenosis
muslce hypertrophy and constriction at pyloric sphincter
15
what is obstructed with the constriction of the pyloric sphincter
entrance to duodenum
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incidence of pyloric stenosis
1 in 1000 births
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when does pyloric stenosis occur
2-8 weeks old NOT CONGENITAL
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whats the ratio of males to females with pyloric stenosis
4:1
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et of pyloric stenosis
idipathic
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what 3 conditions are linked to pyloric stenosis
hypergastrinemia
PGE (prostaglandin E)
erythromycin exposure
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which babies have inc incidence of PGE
babies with HF
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patho of pyloric stenosis
hypertrophy -> constr -> inflm -> obstr
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mnfts of pyloric stenosis
projectile vomitting
dehydration
malnourishment
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dx of pyloric stenosis
Hx, Px
US
URQ palpation
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what will an US in a babe with pyloric stenosis show
pyloric reigon enlargement
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tx for pyloric stenosis
sx to remove excess m
27
when is there in a inc in gastroesophageal reflux
first 3m of life
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et of gastroesophageal reflux
neuromuscular issue dt functional sphincter problem
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what is happening with the distal esophageal sphincter in gastroesophageal reflux
incompetent and allows reflux
30
what sphincter is affected in gastroesophageal reflux
distal esophageal sphincter
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how does esophagitis occur in gastroesophageal reflux
gi content enters esphogous causing inflm
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what is the course of gastroesophageal reflux
self limiting within a year
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tx for GE reflux
symptomatic tx
H2Ra, PPI
modify teaching
sev case: fundoplication
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what teaching is modified for teaching about GE reflux
small meals
thicken feed
positioning
35
which babies have inc incidence of Hirschsprung disease
inc in male babies
36
incidence of hirschspruing disese HD
1 in 5000 births
37
et of HD
congenital/genetic
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what gene mutates in HD
Ret proto onco gene (RET)
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what chr is the RET gene on
10
40
what happens if RET gene is absent
problems signalling between cells, absence of PNS tissue, ganglia in colon
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what happens in HD
absence of PNS tissue in ganglia resulting in localized area of colon with dec peristalsis
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where is there abdm distention in HD
area BEFORE the spot in the colon with no PNS
43
tx of HD
sx to remove aganglionic segment of PNS
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intussception
part of intestine invaginates into another part
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where does intussception normally occur
at iliocelcal clave
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why does intussception occur at the iliocecal valve
the smaller ilium is able to move into the larger cecum
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incidence of intussception
1-4 in 1000
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what does invagination lead to
obstr of lumen
49
what happens when the lumen is obstr
inflm -> edema into lumen
50
what happens when there is inc edema in lumen in intussception
inc intraluminal P -> ischemia -> necrosis, perf, peritonitis
51
why does ischemia occur when there is inc intraluminal P
the intraluminal P is > then the venous P causing stasis, no arterial blood moving in, necrosis
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tx of intussusception
hydrostatic reduction
53
hydrostatic reduction
use of water soluble contrast medium and air P to gently dec intussusception with an endoscope
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when DONT you use sx in intussusception
obstr/perf
55