Week 5 Bone Pathology- Witrak Flashcards
Define osteopenia
Generalized decrease in bone mineralization
What is a pathological fracture?
fracture through a diseased bone- usually refers to fracture through tumorous or tumor-like bone
What molecule is required for MINERALIZATION of bone osteoid?
Vit D(OH)2
What do you need for healthy bone?
- Ca, P from diet
- Vit D
- good absorption in gut
- Healthy kidney
- Parathyroid functioning
Why is the parathyroid important?
It is the master gland for Ca regulation and bone metabolism
What is osteoporosis?
A type of osteopenia due to bone atrophy caused by an imbalance of the bone remodeling process
Who is likely to have osteoporosis?
POSTMENOPAUSAL/ SENILE women
What happens to PTH secretion in osteoporosis?
Diminished PTH secretion by parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemic stimulus.
What is the difference between secondary and common osteoporosis?
Secondary = often more treatable/ reversible causes (ex. hyperthyroidism).
Common = everything else, if its not secondary.
Best prevention of osteoporosis? Predictor of risk?
- maximize peak bone mass while teen/young adult
- encourage weight bearing exercise and Ca supplementation
-Maternal hip fracture = strong predictor of risk
Who do anit-osteoporosis medications work?
Inhibit bone resorption
Is there a biochemical serum marker of bone formation and resorption?
NO! Not sufficiently standardized or studied
What is primary hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperlasia or neoplastic enlargement of parathyroid glands
-spectrum of bony changes!
What is osteomalacia?
Decreased bone mineralization with excess osteoid due to interference with Ca, P, or Vit D metabolism
- Radiologically appears osteopenic
- may present with diffuse skeletal pain
What is a common cause of osteomalacia?
Liver or renal disease (impaired hydroxylation of Vit D)
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection of bone
Can be:
Primary- from blood
Secondary- from other joint or soft tissue infection
Direct- compound fractures
Most common cause of osteomyelitis?
Staph. Aureus
If sickel-cell then salmonella
Clinical presentation of osteomyelitis?
Bone pain
erythema
swelling
fever/chills variable
Best way to detect osteomyelitis?
bone scans/MRI scans better at early detection
What is often associated with osteomyelitis in adults?
diabetic vascular disease
Treatment for osteomyelitis?
AGGRESSIVE IV antibiotic therapy
What is avascular bone necrosis/ infarction?
Bone infarcts due to ischemia of varring/often poorly understood causations
Most common cause of avascular bone necrosis?
Prolonged Cortiocosteroid therapy
What is Paget’s disease?
Deforming bone disease of middle-aged to elderly adults
-latent viral infection of osteoclasts in a genetically susceptible person
