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SAM Final > 1. Diseases of the nasal cavity and pharynx > Flashcards

1. Diseases of the nasal cavity and pharynx Flashcards

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1
Q

history of diseases of nasal cavity and pharynx

A

discharge
sneezing
bleeding
pain
stridor
dyspnoea
reverse sneezing

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2
Q

discharge is an indicator of which systemic disease

A

distemper
rhinotracheitis

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3
Q

epistaxis is an indicator of which systemic disease

A

bleeding disorders

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4
Q

physical exam of nasal cavity

A

shape
nasal stridor
closing of mouth
discharge
unilateral / bilateral
inspection of mouth, teeth
depigmentation of teeth

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5
Q

special diagnostic aids for nasal cavity

A

xray
rhinoscopy
ct
mri
olfactory tests

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6
Q

how to do a rhinoscopy

A

anaesthesia
tracheal intubation
sphynx - like position

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7
Q

congenital diseases of the nasal cavity

A

malformation of the nasal plane
oronasal/ oropharyngeal clefts
PCD (primary ciliary dyskinesia)
Kartagener’s syndrome

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8
Q

what is PCD

A

genetic dysfunction of the respiratory tract’s cilia
Thus no mucus clearance from lungs, paranasal sinuses and middle ear
Leading to respiratory infections

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9
Q

What is Kartagener’s syndrome

A

a type of PCD associated with a mirror image orientation of the heart and other internal organs

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10
Q

causes of viral rhinitis in Cats

A

FHV-1 (herpes)
FCV (calci)

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11
Q

Clinical signs of Viral Rhinitis in Cats

A

paroxysmal sneezing
serous ocular/ nasal discharge –> mucopurulent within 5 days

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12
Q

Specific Clinical signs of FHV

A

conjunctivitis
corneal ulcer

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13
Q

Specific Clinical Signs of FCV

A

Mild ocular signs
oral ulcer
gingivitis
lameness
chronic carriers have no clinical signs
sneezing
mild nasal discharge
gingivial ulceration

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14
Q

diagnosis of Viral Rhinitis in Cats

A

PCR with conjunctival swab

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15
Q

Treatment of Viral Rhinitis in Cats

A

Prevention
Supportive Therapy : nebulisation, AB for secondary infection

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16
Q

causes of Viral Rhinitis in Dogs

A

Kennel Cough - Canine Distemper
CHV (herpes)

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17
Q

Specific Clinical signs of Canine Distemper

A

profuse mucopurulent nasal discharge

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18
Q

Diagnosis of Canine Distemper

A

PCR

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19
Q

Specific Clinical signs of CHV

A

Mucopurulent nasal discharge in puppies

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20
Q

Diagnosis of CHV

A

autopsy

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21
Q

Primary infection : Bacterial Rhinitis

A

Pasteurella
Strep
Staph
Bordetella
Chlamydia

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22
Q

Main cause of Bacterial Rhinitis

A

usually a secondary infection to viral infections, foreign bodies, tumour, disrupted mucosa

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23
Q

Diagnosis of Bacterial Rhinitis

A

Conjunctival swab
PCR

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24
Q

Treatment of Bacterial Rhinitis

A

Treat underlying disease
AB (doxycycline for 3 weeks)

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25
Which animal is more susceptible to mycotic rhinitis
dog > cat
26
mycotic rhinitis cause
Aspergillus > cryptococcus Opportunistic infection House dust Bird cages Foreign Bodies
27
Clinical Signs of mycotic rhinitis
nasal dishcarge depigmentation pain epistaxis
28
What is seen in a rhinoscopy of mycotic rhinitis
Plaques Bone resorption Atrophy of conchae
29
Treatment of mycotic rhinitis
Topical clotrimazole gel PO itraconazole for 8 weeks
30
Cause of specific rhinitis
Polyps Foreign Bodies Allergic Rhinitis
31
Which animal is more susceptible to Polyps
Cat > dog
32
what can Polyps lead to
horner's syndrome
33
Location of Polyps
unilateral/ bilateral nasal cavity/ nasopharynx
34
Clinical signs of Polyps
Extension of neck and panting anxiety
35
Diagnosis of Polyps
Based on clinical signs Rhinoscopy Radiography Biopsy
36
Treatment of Polyps
Surgery Polyp Recurrence --> bull osteotomy
37
Prognosis of Polyps
Excellent any horner's syndrome usually resolves within a month
38
Clinical signs of Foreign bodies
Sudden sneezing pain unilateral serous nasal discharge
39
Diagnosis of Foreign bodies
Rhinoscopy Nasal Flush Scooping Xray
40
Treatment of Foreign bodies
removal AB
41
Clinical signs of Allergic rhinitis
serous discharge sneezing
42
Tumours of Nasal Cavity
SCC Adenocarcinoma Sarcoma Lymphoma
43
What age are tumours of the Nasal Cavity most likely to occur in
<5yrs
44
Clinical signs of Nasal Cavity Tumours
Rhinitis Epistaxis
45
Diagnosis of Tumours of the Nasal Cavity
Rhinoscopy Biopsy CT MRI Xray
46
Treatment of Tumours of the Nasal Cavity
Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Surgery Euthanisia may be justified in case of bleeding dyspnoea or aphagia
47
Epistaxis Definition
Bleeding from the nose
48
Causes of epistaxis
Aspergillosis Tumour Trauma DIC Coagulopathy Thrombocytopenia Hypertension Leishmaniosis
49
Diagnosis of Epistaxis
Xray Rhinoscopy (delay for 48hrs from point of bleeding)
50
Treatment of epistaxis
Nasal Tamponade
51
General anatomy of the pharynx
oropharynx nasopharynx laryngopharynx
52
History of disorders of the pharynx
Dysphagia Coughing Gagging Regurgitation Salivation
53
Physical exam of the pharynx
sedation may be needed Maybe intubation
54
Diagnostic procedures of pharynx
Pharyngoscopy Retrograde rhinoscopy Video fluoroscopy CT of middle ear US
55
Diseases of the pharynx
Foreign body Retropharyngeal abscess Nasopharyngeal polyps Nasopharyngeal stenosis
56
Which animal is more susceptible to forerign bodies in the pharynx
dogs > cats
57
Clinical signs of Foreign bodies in the pharynx
sudden salivation after eating bones fever dysphagia dyspnoea
58
Retropharyngeal abscess
migrating foreign body difficult to diagnose
59
Clinical signs of Retropharyngeal abscess
salivation fever dysphagia painful neck
60
Lab diagnosis of Retropharyngeal abscess
increased WBC
61
Nasopharyngeal stenosis is most common in what animal
young cats
62
clinical signs of Nasopharyngeal stenosis
open mouth breathingd
63
diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal stenosis
endoscopy
64
treatment of Nasopharyngeal stenosis
surgery balloon dilation
65
Soft palate abnormalities
Elongated soft palate cleft palate soft palate hypoplasia
66
Clinical signs of elongated soft palate
Stertorous (noisy/ laboured) breathing exercise intolerance collapse gagging common in brachycephalic dogs
67
Cleft palate
Neonatal patients can lead to milk nares --> aspiration treatment with surgery
68
Soft palate hypoplasia clinical signs
Gagging reverse sneezing common in brachycephalic dogs
69

SAM Final (48 decks)

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