13. Diseases of the stomach in dogs and cats

Question 1

definition of acute gastritis

Answer 1

inflammation of the stomach

Question 2

what is the most common cause of vomiting

Answer 2

acute gastritis

Question 3

which animal is more susceptible to acute gastritis

Answer 3

dog > cat

Question 4

causes of acute gastritis

Answer 4

Food: spoiled, high fat, contaminated
Intolerance & Allergy
Bacteria, virus
toxic plants
irritating drugs
chemicals
foreign bodies

Question 5

clinical signs of acute gastritis

Answer 5

acute onset of vomiting
loss of appetite
fever
abdominal pain

Question 6

diagnosis of acute gastritis

Answer 6

history, physical exam
if condition worsens within 1-3 days
- US, CBC, serum biochem

Question 7

treatment of acute gastritis

Answer 7

NPO for 24hrs
antiemetics - maropitant
IVFT
gi prescription diet

Question 8

what is GEU

Answer 8

gastric erosive ulcerative disease

Question 9

predisposition to GEU

Answer 9

NSAIDS
corticosteroids
metabolic diseases
altered gastric blood flow - stress related factors
increased acid secretion
toxic traumatic agents
gastric neoplasia - MCT

Question 10

NSAIDS responsible for GEU

Answer 10

aspirin, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen, flunixin, ibuprofen

Question 11

corticosteroids responsible for GEU

Answer 11

decreased mucosal cell growth
decreased mucus
increased gastric acid secretion
dexmethasone > prednisolone
not usually ulcerogenic on their own

Question 12

metabolic diseases responsible for GEU

Answer 12

liver failure
renal failure
IBD
addison’s
acute pancreatitis
neurological disease

Question 13

altered gastric flow responsible for GEU

Answer 13

hypotension
shock
sepsis
spinal chord diseases
surgery
GDV

Question 14

increased acid secretion responsible for GEU

Answer 14

pancreatic gastrin - secreting tumour
MCT of skin
pyloric outflow obstruction - chronic gastric distension

Question 15

toxic traumatic agents responsible for GEU

Answer 15

bile salts
pancreatic enzymes
lead
foreign body
alcohol

Question 16

diagnosis of GEU

Answer 16

history
endoscopy
physical exam
lab tests
radiography

Question 17

history of GEU

Answer 17

intermittent vomitting
haematemesis
meaenia
recent nsaid/ corticosteroid treatment
acute onset of weakness

Question 18

endoscopy of GEU

Answer 18

benign ulcer
spf erosions
malignant ulcer
biopsy needed

Question 19

lab tests of GEU

Answer 19

anaemia - regenerative, non regen, hypochromic, micocytic
renal failure, liver disease, addison’s

Question 20

treatment of GEU

Answer 20

eliminate the cause
symptommatic supportive therapy - diet, fluid, antiemetics, antacids, protectants
blood transufsion
surgery

Question 21

aetiology of chronic gastritis

Answer 21

lymphocytic plasmocytic - helicobacter, physaloptera
eosinophilic - allergic rxn, immune response to parasites, MCT, idiopathic
atrophic gastritis - due to inflammatory disease
hypertrophic gastritis - idiopathic

Question 22

causes of chronic gastritis

Answer 22

helicobacter
dietary antigens
fungal origin
parasites
foreign material
idiopathic

Question 23

symptoms of chronic gastritis

Answer 23

intermittent vomititng
no response to treatment
weight loss
anorexia
abdominal pain
haematemesis
melaena

Question 24

diagnosis of chronic gastritis

Answer 24

endoscopic/ full thickness biopsy xray US lab d - not useful

Question 25

treatment of chronic gastritis

Answer 25

eliminate the cause first - elimination diet, low fat, low fibre diet anti parasitic control, then use pred for immunosuppression, antacids, ppi, prokinetics, prokinetics

Question 26

helicobacter associated gastritis dogs causes

Answer 26

h. bizzozeroni, salomonia, heilmaii et felis

Question 27

helicobacter associated gastritis cat causes

Answer 27

h. heilmannii, bizzozeronii et felis

Question 28

diagnosis of helicobacter associated gastritis

Answer 28

c-13 urea breath test endoscopy rapid urease test

Question 29

treatment of helicobacter associated gastritis

Answer 29

rule out other causes of chronic vomiting amoxiclav + metronidazole for 14days ppi + azithromycin for cats

Question 30

parasitic gastritis | nameof parasites

Answer 30

Dog - physaloptera rara Cat - ollulanus tricuspis

Question 31

diagnosis of parasitic gastritis

Answer 31

flotation endoscopy history of chronic vomitting

Question 32

treatment of parasitic gastritis

Answer 32

pyrantel - dog fenbendazole - cat

Question 33

causes of delayed gastric emptying

Answer 33

gastric outlet obstruction gastric motility disorder gastric neoplasia GDV

Question 34

causes of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 34

antral pyloric hypertrophy syndrome / stenosis

Question 35

predisposition to gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 35

young/ middle aged male brachy

Question 36

diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 36

contrast study - beak like appearance of pyloric lumen, delayed emptying endoscopy -narrowed pyloric lumen. thickened mucosa

Question 37

treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 37

pyloroplasty

Question 38

other causes of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 38

chronic hypertrophic gastritis granulomatous gastritis gastric ulcer external compression foreign body antral polyps neoplasia

Question 39

gastric motility disorders causes

Answer 39

gastroenteritis pancreatitis peritonitis abdo pain chronic gastritis liver failure increased Ca2+, decreased K drugs post GDV dysautonomia DM, addison's IBD, constipation trauma stress idiopathic

Question 40

symptoms of gastric motility disorders

Answer 40

postprandial abdo discomfort bloating chronic vomitting

Question 41

diagnosis of gastric motility disorders

Answer 41

documentation of gastric retention eliminating obstruction and metabolic causes

Question 42

treatment of gastric motility disorders

Answer 42

diet prokinetics

Question 43

diagnosis of gastric motility disorders

Answer 43

History - vomiting Physical exam - normal/ abdo tympany Xray - fluid - distended stomach Endoscopy - confirmation of obstruction

Question 44

Lab d gastric motility disorders

Answer 44

normal hypochloraemic metabolic alklaosis

Question 45

gastric neoplasia

Answer 45

adenocarcinoma - dogs lymphoma - cats

Question 46

symptoms of gastric neoplasia

Answer 46

weight loss worsening of vomiting anorexia melaena haematemesis

Question 47

diagnosis of gastric neoplasia

Answer 47

symptoms US endoscopy biopsy

Question 48

treatment of gastric neoplasia

Answer 48

surgery chemo

Question 49

gastric dilation volvulus

Answer 49

life threatening disorders where the stomach twists on its axis

Question 50

predisposition to gastric dilation volvulus

Answer 50

large, deep chested breeds > small breeds males > females rapid drinking / eating - vigorius exercise anxious / stress

Question 51

pathogenesis of gastric dilation volvulus

Answer 51

* Stomach fills with gas -- simple gastric dilation (bloat) * Bloat --> volvulus (twisting) * Blockage of the stomach's entrance & exit * stomach may press on the diaphragm -- dyspnoea * blood vessel compression -- systemic shock --tissue death * animal collapse * no digestion: accumulation of toxins in the blood, shock worsens * possible rupture

Question 52

treatment of gastric dilation volvulus

Answer 52

reduce pressure immediately - stomach tube IVFT gastropexy or pyloroplasty