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SAM Final > 41. Non-infectious central nervous diseases. Degenerative central nervous diseases in dogs and cats > Flashcards

41. Non-infectious central nervous diseases. Degenerative central nervous diseases in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Non infectious CNS diseases

A

granulomatous meningoencephalitis
necrotising encephalitis
steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
polyradiculoneuritis
traumatic brain injury
hyperthermia

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2
Q

granulomatous meningoencephalitis
definition

A

inflammatory CNS disease in dogs
focal/ disseminated granulomatous lesionsin brain & spinal cord

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3
Q

Where do lesions of granulomatous meningoencephalitis occur

A

white matter

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4
Q

Clinical signs of granulomatous meningoencephalitis

A

Seizures
Cerebello - vestibular dysfunction
Cervical hyperaesthesia

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5
Q

Diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis

A

CSF - mononuclear pleocytosis. Increased protein
CT
Autopsy

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6
Q

Treatment of granulomatous meningoencephalitis

A

Lifelong immunosuppression

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7
Q

necrotising encephalitis
definition

A

multiple cavitary necrotic inflammation of the brain

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8
Q

Forms of necrotising encephalitis

A

Necrotising meningoencephalitis (Pug)
Necrotising leukoencephalitis (Yorkshire terrier)

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9
Q

Clinical signs of necrotising encephalitis

A

correspond to location of lesion
Seizures
Decreased mental status
Visual deficits
Circlin
head pressing

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10
Q

Diagnosis of necrotising encephalitis

A

CSF - Mononuclear pleocytosis, increased protein

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11
Q

Treatment of necrotising encephalitis

A

GCC

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12
Q

predisposed to steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

A

young adult dogs

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13
Q

Clinical signs of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

A

Cervical rigidity
hyperaesthesia
anorexia
fever

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14
Q

Diagnosis of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

A

CSF - neutrophil pleocytosis. Increased IgA, Interleukin

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15
Q

Treatment of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

A

Long term gcc

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16
Q
A
17
Q

polyradiculoneuritis definition

A

immune mediated inflammation of the nerve roots and peripheral nerves
Coonhound paralysis

18
Q

Clinical signs of polyradiculoneuritis

A

LMN paresis
Hyperaesthesia
paralysis
altered bark

19
Q

Treatment of polyradiculoneuritis

A

Supportive and physio

20
Q

Prognosis of polyradiculoneuritis

A

spontaneous resolution in 3-6 weeks
Resp paralysis —> death

21
Q

hyperthermia

A
22
Q

traumatic brain injury occurrence

A

High rise syndrome
blunt trauma
car accident
dog fight

23
Q

Primary brain injury in case of traumatic brain injury

A

concussion
contusion
laceration
axial haematoma
entra - axial haematoma

24
Q

Secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury

A

neuronal death not attributed to teh direct mechanical effect of trauma
Hypotension
Hypoxaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Excitotoxicosis

25
Q

Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
can be divided into

A

immediate -
brain concussion -
brain contusion -

26
Q

Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Immediate

A

Loss of consciousness, areflexia, seizures, motor dysfunction

27
Q

Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Concussion

A

neuronal function problem, loss of consciousness

28
Q

Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Contussion

A

haemorrhage, seizure, loss of consciousness, oedema, functional problems

29
Q

Treatment of traumatic brain injury

A

goal is to decrease secondary brain injury
Supply brain with o2 and blood
normalise e- , pH, ICP

30
Q

Intracranial stabilisation

A

maintain blood and o2 to brain
treat intracranial hypertension
treat seizures
monitor neurological state

31
Q

Treatment for cerebral oedema

A

hypertonic NaCl
Mannitol

32
Q

causes of Hyperthermia

A

environmental heat
excess air humidity
physical activity
long, thick coat
dyspnoea,
no access to water
seizures
malignant hyperthermia

33
Q

Cause of malignant Hyperthermia

A

inhalation of narcotics
Muscle relaxants

34
Q

Clinical signs of Hyperthermia

A

Tachypnoea
Apathy
Weakness
Shock
Tachycardia
Stupor
Seizures
Coma
(Bloody) vomiting
Diarrhoea

35
Q

Possible secondary effects of hyperthermia

A

Cerebral oedema
DIC
Multi-organ failure
AKF
Arrhythmia cordis
Hypoglycaemia
Intestinal desquamation
Brain damage
Acute liver damage

36
Q

Treatment of hyperthermia

A

Move to cool place
cool body
plasma infusion & heparin in case of DIC
Mannitol & hypertonic NaCl in case of Oedema
Bolus colloids & crystalloids in case of Shock

37
Q

Treatment of malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

SAM Final (48 decks)

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