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SAM Final > 12. Diseases of the oesophagus in dogs and cats. Regurgitation and vomitus. > Flashcards

12. Diseases of the oesophagus in dogs and cats. Regurgitation and vomitus. Flashcards

1
Q

causes of oesophagitis

A

caustic substances
gastro- oesophageal reflux
motility disorders
megaoesophagus
doxycycline
clindamycin
anaesthesia
froeign body

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2
Q

clinical signs of oesophagitis

A

odynophagia (pain when swallowing)
regurgitation
salivation
food refusal
coughing
fever
dyspnoea

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3
Q

diagnosis of oesophagitis

A

increased WBC
endoscopy
xray

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4
Q

treatment of oesophagitis

A

omeprazole + prokinetics
sucralfate suspension
total parenteral nutrition

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5
Q

gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)
definition

A

poor closure of the cardia
inflammation due to HCL, pepsin, trypsin, bile, HCO3

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6
Q

causes of gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)

A

delayed gastric emptying
upper airway obstruction
hiatal hernia
anaesthesia
chronic vomiting

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7
Q

clinical signs of gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)

A

reverse sneezing
chronic bronchitis
laryngitis
rhinitis
erucation

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8
Q

diagnosis of gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)

A

clinical signs - history
endoscopy

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9
Q

treatment of gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)

A

low fat diet
H2 receptor blockers
PPI
prokinetics
sucralfate

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10
Q

what durgs enhance the closure of the cardia

A

metoclopramide
erythromycin

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11
Q

clinical sings of oesophageal foreign body

A

regurgitation
salivation
abdominal distension
coughing, fever, dyspnoea

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12
Q

diagnosis of gastro oesophagwal reflux (GOR)

A

clinical signs
thoracic xray
endoscopy
increased WBC

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13
Q

treatment of oesophageal foreign body

A

endoscopic removal
surgery
gastric tubing
euthansia

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14
Q

types of dysmotility/ oesophageal weakness

A

megaoesophagus
partial oesophageal dysmotility
dystonia
diverticulum

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15
Q

causes of dysmotility/ oesophageal weakness

A

idiopathic
muscle atrophy
myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune
post anaesthesia condition
oesophagitis

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16
Q

clinical signs of dysmotility/ oesophageal weakness

A

salivation
cough (bronchopneumonia)
fever
dyspnoea
weight loss

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17
Q

diagnosis of dysmotility/ oesophageal weakness

A

fluroscopy, radiography

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18
Q

treatment of dysmotility/ oesophageal weakness

A

special feeding
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy)

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19
Q

Megaoeasophagus definition

A

persisten decrease of motility of the oesophagus

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20
Q

what animal is Megaoeasophagus more common in

A

dogs > cats

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21
Q

cause of Megaoeasophagus

A

normally idiopathic
may be caused by laryngeal paralysis
NB to check for aspiration pneumonia

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22
Q

congenital Megaoeasophagus

A

mini schnauzer, great dane, dalmatian
shar pei, irish setter, lb

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23
Q

clinical signs of congenital Megaoeasophagus

A

usually develops during the weaning phase
no treatment
poor porgnosis

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24
Q

acquired Megaoeasophagus
Primary form

A

diagnosis by exclusion
large > toy breeds
treat using Bailey chair; sucralfate + bethanechol

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25
Q

acquired Megaoeasophagus secondary form
causes

A

myasthenia gravis
Addison’s
lead poisoning
oesophagitis
hypothyroidism
neuropathy
snake bit

26
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

immune response against Ach receptors
Focal/ generalised
treat with pyridostigmine

27
Q

Spirocercosis cause

A

spirocercosis lupi - nematode
causes parasitic nodules in the oesophagus, aortic aneurysms & spondylitis

28
Q

clinical signs of Spirocercosis

A

regurgitation
vomiting
weight loss
coughing
dyspnoea
sudden death

29
Q

diagnosis of Spirocercosis

A

faecal examination
endoscopy

30
Q

treatment of Spirocercosis

A

imidacloprid / moxidectin
surgery

31
Q

prevention of Spirocercosis

A

milbemycin

32
Q

persistent right aortic arch
definition

A

extraluminal compression of the oesophagus by the lig arteriosum
a vascular ring anomaly

33
Q

cause of persistent right aortic arch

A

congenital
g. shepherds

34
Q

clinical signs of persistent right aortic arch

A

regurgitation
coughing
dyspnoea
weight loss

35
Q

diagnosis of persistent right aortic arch

A

survey & contrast radiography
endoscopy

36
Q

differential of persistent right aortic arch

A

stricture
intraluminal obstructiontr

37
Q

treatment of persistent right aortic arch

A

surgery

38
Q

Regurgitation vs Vomiting
comes from

A

Regurgitation - from mouth / pharynx / oesophagus
Vomiting - from stomach / small intestine

39
Q

Regurgitation vs Vomiting
activity

A

Regurgitation - passive, no nausea
Vomiting - active, wretching, heaving

40
Q

Regurgitation vs Vomiting
content

A

Regurgitation - undigested food, no bile (eating content)
Vomiting - un / digested food, chyme, bile (no eating of content)

41
Q

expectoration

A

expulsion of material from the respiratory tract

42
Q

how to distinguish Regurgitation and Vomiting

A

history
clinical exam
palpation of distended oesophagus
th. xray
endoscopy
fluroscopy

43
Q

causes of vomiting

A

metabolic diseases
endocrine diseases
toxins / drugs
dietary causes
abdominal diseases
gastric diseases
small intestine diseases
large intestine diseases

44
Q

metabolic diseases causing vomiting

A

renal disease
hepatobiliary disease
electrolyte / acid base derangements

45
Q

endocrine diseases causing vomiting

A

hypoadrenocorticism
hyperthyroidism
diabetic ketoacidosis

46
Q

toxins / drugs causing vomiting

A

heavy metals
ethylene glycol
NSAIDS, AB, chemotherapy

47
Q

dietary causes causing vomiting

A

allergy
intolerance

48
Q

abdominal diseases causing vomiting

A

pancreatitis
peritonitis
neoplasia

49
Q

gastric diseases causing vomiting

A

gastritis
GDV
foreign body
delayed gastric emptying
neoplasia

50
Q

small intestine diseases causing vomiting

A

IBD
obstruction
parasites
neoplasia
infection

51
Q

large intestine diseases causing vomiting

A

constipation
colitis

52
Q

history of vomiting patient

A

duration
food in vomit > 8hrs after ingestion
acute / chronic

53
Q

physical exam of vomiting patient

A

oral exam
mucosa
cardiac arrhythmia
abdominal palpation
rectal examination

54
Q

lab d of patient with vomiting

A

CBC
neutrophilic leucocytosis
biochemical tests
acid base status
hyperkalaemia
anaemia
neutropenia
eosinophilia
hypoproteinaemia

55
Q

what to see in xray of vomiting patient

A

foreign body
distention
displacement
delayed gastric emptying
penetrating ulcers
masses
deep ulceration
pyloric obstruction

56
Q

symptomatic treatment of vomiting

A

antiemetics
fluid therapy
dietary
antacids
protectives

57
Q

antiemetics

A

maropitant
phenothiazines
metoclopramide
ondansetron

58
Q

fluid therapy

A

0.9% saline
K supplementation

59
Q

dietary treatment for vomiting

A

NPO for 24hrs
low fat, single protein source, chcicken and rice

60
Q

antacids

A

H2 receptor antagonists - ranitidine
PPI - omeprazole

61
Q

protectives

A

sucralfate - provide barrier to acid penetration. inactivates pepsin, absorbs bile acids, stimulated PG synthesis
Misoprostol - contraindicated in pregnant animals

62
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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