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SAM Final > 2. Diseases of the trachea and bronchi > Flashcards

2. Diseases of the trachea and bronchi Flashcards

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1
Q

Diseases of the larynx

A

Laryngitis
Obstructive laryngitis
Laryngeal Paralysis
Laryngeal Collapse & BOA syndrome
Laryngeal Neoplasia

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2
Q

Infectious Agents of Laryngitis

A

CAV -2 ( adeno)
CPIV (parainfluenza virus)
Bordetella Br

FHV-1 (herpes)
FCV (calci)

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3
Q

Other causes of Laryngitis

A

local irritation

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4
Q

Clinical signs of Laryngitis

A

Loud cough
fever
pneumonia
lethargy

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5
Q

Treatment of Laryngitis

A

AB (doxycycline, amoxiclav)
Antitussives (Butorphanol, hydrocodone)
GCC
Tracheostomy

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6
Q

Clinical signs of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

severe respiratory distress
dysphonia
stridor
dyspnoea

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7
Q

diagnosis of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

histopath is imperative to distinguish btw neoplasia and obstructive inflammatory disease

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8
Q

Treatment of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

GCC
Tracheostomy tube placement

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9
Q

what is laryngeal paralysis

A

where the arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct during inspiration

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10
Q

What can cause laryngeal paralysis

A

a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
idiopathic

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11
Q

what animals are most susceptible to laryngeal paralysis

A

older animals
large breed dogs

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12
Q

Causes of laryngeal paralysis

A

idiopathic
trauma
systemic neuromuscular disease

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13
Q

most susceptible dog breeds for laryngeal paralysis

A

Bouvier des flandres
Siberian huskey
Bull terrier
Lab
St. Bernard
Irish Setter

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14
Q

Clinical Signs of laryngeal paralysis

A

stridor
exercise intolerance
voice change
coughing
resp distress
hyperthermia

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15
Q

diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis

A

inspection
paradoxical movement
complete neurological exam
xray

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16
Q

Treatment of laryngeal paralysis

A

supplemental oxygen
sedation
Treatment for hyperthermia
GCC
furosemide
treat underlying cause

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17
Q

Surgery of laryngeal paralysis

A

To open the airway
partial laryngectomy
arytenoid lateralisation
removal of vocal folds

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18
Q

If laryngeal paralysis is untreated, what may occur

A

aspiration pneumonai

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19
Q

BOA

types of malformations

A

congenital airway malformations in brachycephalic dogs – stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, hypoplastic trachea, laryngeal saccular oedema & eversion

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20
Q

How does laryngeal collapse occur

A

chronic increase in negative pressure during inspiration
laryngeal cartilages will weaken and collapse
there will be medially displaced cuneiform & corniculate processes

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21
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal collapse

A

stridor
resp distress
syncope

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22
Q

Treatment of laryngeal collapse

A

Sedation
Oxygen
Cooling
GCC
Furosemide
Surgical treatment of congenital malformation

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23
Q

Surgical treatment of stenotic nares

A

Opening - wedge resection/ laser ablation

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24
Q

Laryngeal Tumours

A

Chondrolipoma which is rare and metastatic
Cats - SCC, lymphoma
Dogs - Malignant epithelial tumours, rhabdomyoma

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25
Clinical signs of Laryngeal Tumours
dysphonia stridor resp distress gagging coughing
26
Diagnosis of Laryngeal Tumours
laryngoscopy -> biopsy
27
Treatment of Laryngeal Tumours
Surgery - partial laryngectomy, permanent tracheostomy
28
Physical exam of the trachea
Coughing - can be elicited Palpation - of neck, emphysema, collapse, mass Auscultation - over larynx, trachea & lung goose honk, wheezing expiratory
29
Cause of respiratory acidosis
Stenotic disease -> increased airway resistance -> hypoventilation -> resp acidosis
30
what can chronic obstruction of the trachea lead to
Pulmonary hypertension
31
Diagnostic tests of tracheal diseases
XRAY - LL, VD, DV Tracheobronchoscopy Lab D
32
Diseases of the trachea
Noninfectious tracheitis Infectious tracheobronchitis, CIRDC, Kennel Cough Tracheal Collapse Tracheal Hypoplasia Tracheal Parasites
33
Causes of Noninfectious tracheitis
prolonged barking collapsing trachea chronic cardiac disease allergic lower airway disease
34
Diagnosis of Noninfectious tracheitis
Firm palpation of the thoracic inlet --> typical tracheal cough Tonsils Cardiac murmur lung sounds Xray Atopy screening
35
Treatment of Noninfectious tracheitis
Antitiussives Bronchodilators Prednisolone Nebulisation Treat underlying disease
36
what is CIRD
canine infectious resp disease complex
37
Causes of CIRD
CAdV - 2 - adeno CPIV - parainfluenze CaHV - 1 - herpes CRCoV - resp corona Bordetella Mycoplasma Distemper
38
History of CIRD
Highly contagious in a kennel
39
Clinical signs CIRD
Dry hacking paroxysmal cough in generally healthy dogs
40
Treatment of CIRD
Antitussives AB Bronchodilators
41
What animals are susceptible to tracheal collapse
Middle aged / old miniature breeds Acquired > congenital
42
Susceptible breeds to Tracheal collapse
Chihuahua Yorkie Toy poodle Shih Tzu Lhasa Apso Pomeranian
43
44
Aetiology of Tracheal collapse
Deficiency in the organic matrix --> tracheal & bronchomalacia --> stretching of trachea's dorsal membrane --> collapse
45
Problems associated with Tracheal collapse
Chronic Cough Chronic airway / pulmonary parenchymal disease chronic cardiac disease obeisity mass
46
History of Tracheal collapse
Long history of coughing mild / intermittent / paroxysmal
47
Clinical Signs of Tracheal collapse
Goose honk cough - elicited by palpation, eating, drinking, excitement, cyanosis symptoms are chronic, progressive, irreversible
48
Diagnosis of Tracheal collapse
Auscultation Palpation Xray Bronchoscopy
49
Stages of Tracheal collapse
I - IV
50
Treatment of Tracheal collapse
Emergency - sedation, oxygen, gcc, intubation, cooling Medical - antitussives, pred, bronchodilators, nebulisation Surgery - intraluminal stents, extraluminal prosthesis
51
Tracheal hypoplasia
congenital problem diagnosed in young dogs
52
Susceptible breeds of Tracheal hypoplasia
bull dogs boston terriers
53
Clinical signs of Tracheal hypoplasia
Dyspnoea Productive cough fever Brachycephalic airway syndrome
54
Diagnosis of Tracheal hypoplasia
Auscultation Palpation Xray (may mimic tracheitis)
55
Lab d of Tracheal hypoplasia
leucocytosis
56
prognosis of Tracheal hypoplasia
depend on: degree of hypoplasia, concurrenct upper resp disease, congenital cardiac disorder
57
Treatment of Tracheal hypoplasia
Treat brachy syndrome Treat bronchopneumonia id needed no known surgery
58
Prevention of Tracheal hypoplasia
Breeding
59
Names of tracheal parasites
oslerus osleri - lungworm
60
Clinical signs of tracheal parasites
chronic dysnpnoea cough insp wheezing sounds
61
Diagnosis of tracheal parasites
worms in carina
62
Treatment of tracheal parasites
fenbendazole for 2 weeks
63

SAM Final (48 decks)

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