36. Diseases of the urinary bladder and prostate in dogs and cats

Question 1

Clinical signs of Lower Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 1

Dysuria
Stranguria
Haematuria
Pollakiuria
Incontenance
Periuria
Dehydration

Question 2

Dysuria definition

Answer 2

Pain when peeing

Question 3

Stranguria definition

Answer 3

straining to pass urine

Question 4

POllakiuria definition

Answer 4

Frequent, abnormal urination

Question 5

Periuria definition

Answer 5

Weeing in abnormal places

Question 6

Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 6

Exclude urethral obstruction/ bladder paralysis (catheterise)
Urinalysis
Imaging

Question 7

Types of cystitis

Answer 7

Infectious
Sterile

Question 8

Cause of infectious cystitis

Answer 8

Bacteria - mycoplasma or capillaria plica

Question 9

cause of sterile cystitis

Answer 9

interstitial
idiopathic

Question 10

Differential of cystitis

Answer 10

stone
tumour
prostatic disease
anatomical abnormalities
Bleeding disorders
haemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria

Question 11

Predisposed to bacterial cystitis

Answer 11

Older
females
dogs

Question 12

Causes of bacterial cystitis

Answer 12

e. coli
staph
strep
proteus
corynebacterium ureolyticum (resistance)

Question 13

Clinical signs of bacterial cystitis

Answer 13

• Pollakiuria
• Dysuria
• Urge incontinence
• Haematuria
• Distended bladder
• Painful bladder
• Thick bladder wall
• Bladder mass
• Stranguria
• Small bladder
• Periuria
• Urolithiasis

Question 14

Lab D of bacterial cystitis

Answer 14

Haematuria
Pyuria
Sediment - bacteria, WBC, RBC, epithelial cells, struvite (+/-)
Alkaline/ Normal pH

Question 15

Treatment of bacterial cystitis

Answer 15

AB - 7-10days (3-6weeks if its a complicated infection)
Amoxiclav
Cephalosporin
Fluroquinolones
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim Sulphonamides

Pain management - nsaids, opioids, spasmolytics

Question 16

what is subclinical bacteriuris

Answer 16

+ve bacterial culture but no clinical signs of cystitis
No treatment

Question 17

FLUTD stands for

Answer 17

Feline Urinary Tract disease

Question 18

Aetiology of FLUTD

Answer 18

FIC - feline idiopathic cystitis - 70% of cases
Stones - 20% of cases
Bacterial cystitis
Tumour
Anatomical disorder
Trauma
Stricture

Question 19

Clinical signs of FLUTD

Answer 19

Dysuria
Haematuria
Periuria
Urethral obstruction

Question 20

Physical exam of FLUTD

Answer 20

Good general condition
Bladder is small and painful

Question 21

Diagnosis of FLUTD

Answer 21

Urinalysis -RBCs, WBCs, crystals
No uroliths
Culture - rule out bacterial cystitis
Imaging

Question 22

Predisposed to Urethral obstruction

Answer 22

Male cats

Question 23

What can cause Urethral obstruction

Answer 23

Uroliths
crystals
thrombus
urethral plug
urethral spasm

Question 24

Physical exam of Urethral obstruction

Answer 24

Extremely filled, tense, painful bladder
Not expressible

Question 25

Clinical signs of Urethral obstruction

Answer 25

Lethargy Dehydration Life threatening condition - bladder rupture, post renal azotaemia

Question 26

Treatment of Urethral obstruction

Answer 26

Emergency catheterisation combined with decompressive cystocentesis

Question 27

What is Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 27

maladaptive response to environmental stressors ---> sterile cystitis

Question 28

General exam of Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 28

Clinical signs of cystits good general condition Macroscopic sediment (sand)

Question 29

Presentation of Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 29

Acute self limiting episodes --- 80-95% urethral obstruction ---- 15-25%

Question 30

Pathogenesis of Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 30

Chronic stress -----> exhaustion of adrenal glands ----> shifted stress response ----> increased catecholamines ----> increased uroepithelial permeability ----> bleeding and oedema

Question 31

Predisposition to Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 31

Stray cats Orphans Indoor cats Boring environment Dry food Low water intake New baby/pet Travel of owner Cats from shelters Multi-cat households Obesity Changes of routine

Question 32

Treatment of Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 32

Increase water intake Opioids, nsaids Spasmolytics Gabapentin Pheremones Urinary diet Environmental enrichment

Question 33

Lower Urinary tract tumour

Answer 33

Transitional cell carcinoma (trigonum area) rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 34

Diagnosis of Lower Urinary tract tumour

Answer 34

Imagine urine sediment Biopsy

Question 35

Differential of Lower Urinary tract tumour

Answer 35

Polypoid cystitis Blood clot cystitis urolithiasis

Question 36

Treatment of Lower Urinary tract tumour

Answer 36

Piroxicam

Question 37

cause of Urinary Bladder rupture

Answer 37

Trauma cystitis tumour uroliths

Question 38

what can Urinary Bladder rupture lead to

Answer 38

post renal azotaemia

Question 39

Diagnosis of Urinary Bladder rupture

Answer 39

Imaging Abdo serum creatinine - >2.1

Question 40

Predisposed to Prostatic diseases

Answer 40

Older dogs

Question 41

Clinical signs of Prostatic diseases

Answer 41

Urethral bleeding tenesmus uti haematuria

Question 42

Diagnosis of Prostatic diseases

Answer 42

RDP - size, shape, symmetry, consistency pain Xray US Urinalysis Cytology Biopsy Prostatic fluid and semen

Question 43

Prostatic diseases

Answer 43

Prostatic hypertrophy Prostatitis Paraprostatic cyst Prostate tumour

Question 44

Prostate tumour

Answer 44

Adenomcarcinoma

Question 45

Clinical signs of Prostate tumour

Answer 45

Metastatic and urethral compression

Question 46

Treatment of Prostate tumour

Answer 46

Castration Piroxicam

Question 47

Prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 47

Symmetrical enlargement with/ without cavitary lesions Treat with castration, antiandrogens

Question 48

Paraprostatic cyst

Answer 48

mullerian duct remnant or retention cyst large in size

Question 49

treatment of Paraprostatic cyst

Answer 49

Castration Surgical removal

Question 50

Prostatitis

Answer 50

acute/ chronic bacterial infection with/out abscessation

Question 51

What predisposes to Prostatitis

Answer 51

Prostatic hypertrophic

Question 52

Clinical signs of Prostatitis

Answer 52

UTi signs general signs shock

Question 53

Treatment of Prostatitis

Answer 53

Treat for shock AB Drainage Castration