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SAM Final > 19. Acute and chronic pancreatitis, exocrine pancreas insufficiency in dogs and cats > Flashcards

19. Acute and chronic pancreatitis, exocrine pancreas insufficiency in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

classification of pancreatitis

A

Acute / chronic / recurrent
Mild / severe / fatal
Acute serous / acute haemorrhagic necrotising / purulent

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2
Q

Predisposed to Acute Pancreatitis

A

mini schnauzer
terriers
dachshund
poodle
middle / old ages
obese

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3
Q

pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis

A

initiation by oxidative stress, hypotension, acidosis
causing ineffective defence mechanism, circulatory failure, inflammatory failure

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4
Q

what happens after generalisation of Acute Pancreatitis

A

local effects - oedema, inflammation, haemorrhage, necrosis, acute fluid accumulation
regional effects - cholestasis, EHBO, duodenitis, colitis, local peritonitis
multisystemic effects

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5
Q

multisystemic effects of Acute Pancreatitis

A

SIRS
MODS
Acute kidney failure
ARDS, pleuritis
Cardiac arrhythmia
ischeamia, inflammation of git
DIC

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6
Q

high risk for developing Acute Pancreatitis

A

high fat diet
KBr, phenobarb, ttcs, furosemide
organophosphates
babesia, leishmainia
trauma
ischaemia
duodenal reflux

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7
Q

aetiology of Acute Pancreatitis

A

gall stones
hereditary
idiopahtic

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8
Q

clinical signs of Acute Pancreatitis

A

vomitting
anorexia
lethargy
abdominal pain
fever
diarrhoea
jaundice
dyspnoea

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9
Q

diagnostic imaging of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Abdo US - decreased echogenicity = pancreatic necrosis. increased echogenicity = peritonitis
XRAY
lab d

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10
Q

Biochem of Acute Pancreatitis

A

azotaemia = hypovolemia, dehydration
increased; cholesterol, lipid, liver enzymes, bilirubin = hepatocellular injury

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11
Q

specific lab test for Acute Pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity. PLI
cPL, fPL
ELISA

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12
Q

Haematology of Acute Pancreatitis

A

increased ; PCV, WBC, CRP,
Decreased ; thrombocytes

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13
Q

other non specific lab indicators of Acute Pancreatitis

A

increased ; blood glucose
decreased ; calcium, potassium, sodium,
metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

differential of Acute Pancreatitis

A

gastritis
gastroenteritis
peritonitis
acute renal insufficiency
ileua
pyometra
prostatitis
pyelonephritis

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15
Q

Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Fluid therapy
analgesia
antiemetics
managment of complications
special diet

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16
Q

what special diet is given for Acute Pancreatitis

A

aim to prevent malnutrition
feed enterocytes and rest pancreas
high digestibility, low fat

17
Q

management of complications of Acute Pancreatitis

A

omeprazole
AB
corticostroids

18
Q

when to give antiemetics in case of Acute Pancreatitis

A

intially even if no vomiting
maropitant, ondansetron, metoclopramide

19
Q

what analgesiacs to give in case of Acute Pancreatitis

A

opioids
fentanyl ketamine lidocaine
fentanyl patch
avoid NSAIDS *ulcerogenic, nephrotoxic)

20
Q

fluid therapy in Acute Pancreatitis

A

pancreas susceptible to hypovolemia
give colloids or crystalloids or plasma transfusion

21
Q

Predisposed Chronic Pancreatitis

A

cats > dog
middle/ old aged
more common than acute

22
Q

types of Chronic Pancreatitis

A

idiopathic - toy breeds, terriers, collie, boxer
autoimmune - cocker

23
Q

Clinical signs of Chronic Pancreatitis

A

recurrent postprandial pain
no appetite
vomitting
haematochezia / colitis
severe acute peritonitis
extrahepatic bile duct obstruction
end stage DM, EPI

24
Q

diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis

A

cPLI is preferred
histology

25
Q

treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis

A

low fat
analgesia
treat acute, EPI, DM

26
Q

cause of Feline Pancreatitis

A

trauma
ischaemia
concurrent disorders

27
Q

Aetiology of Feline Pancreatitis

A

Bacterial translocation
haematogenous spread

28
Q

Clinical signs of Feline Pancreatitis

A

acute - vomit, abdo pain, anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia
chronic - weight loss, signs of concurrent disorders

29
Q

diagnosis of Feline Pancreatitis

A

fPL test
blood work

30
Q

Treatment of Feline Pancreatitis

A

same as dog
additional AB

31
Q

Aetiology of EPI exocrine pancreas insufficiency

A

2 main pathomechanisms
Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy
Chronic Pancreatitis

32
Q

Pancreatic acinar atrophy

A

60% of cases are g. shepherd
young > old
AID cause

33
Q

Symptoms of EPI

A

acute - polyphagia, weight loss, cachexia, claylike faeces
chronic - alert, good general state

34
Q

diagnosis of EPI

A

decreased TLI

35
Q

treatment of EPI

A

pancreativ=c enzyme substitution
high digestiblity
no fibre
cobalamin supplementation

36
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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