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SAM Final > 28. Diseases of the hypophysis in dogs and cats. > Flashcards

28. Diseases of the hypophysis in dogs and cats. Flashcards

1
Q

Hypophysiotropic hormones

hypothalamus hormones?

A

GHRH - growth hormone
LHRH - luteinising hormone
TRH - thyrotropin
CR - corticotropin

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2
Q

another name for the hypophysis

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

Pituitary hormones

A

ACTH
GH
PRL
TSH
LH
FSH
aMSH
ADH
Oxytocin

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4
Q

Congenital hyposomatotropism

A

pituitary dwarfism
autosomal recessive inheritance

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

cyst formation of the anterior pituitary lobe causing decreased GH -> decreased TSH –> decreased T4

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6
Q

What does decreased T4 result in

A

secondary hypothyroidism

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7
Q

Predisposed to congenital hyposomatotropism

A

g. shepherd
karelian bear dogs

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8
Q

Clinical signs of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

Poor growth in puppies
retention of lanugo
alopecia
thin skin
hyperpigmentation
brachygnathia inferior

after 2-3 years —— decreased activity, appetite

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9
Q

Diagnosis of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

Skin biopsy - decreased elastic fibres
Insulin like growth
Xylazine - stimulation test
Clonidine - stimulation test
GHRH - stimulation tests

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10
Q

Treatment of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

Bovine - GH
Porcine - GH
Human - GH
(not permanent solution) (autoantibody development)
T4 therapy

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11
Q

Prognosis of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

max 5yrs
euthansia due to anorexia and renal failure

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12
Q

Alopecia X

A

arrest of hair cycle
umbrella term for
- GH-responsive dermatosis
- Castration-responsive dermatosis
- Oestrogen-responsive dermatosis
- Biopsy-responsive dermatosis
- Adrenal hyperplasia-like syndrome

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13
Q

Pathogenesis of Alopecia X

A

not completely understood

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14
Q

Predisposition of Alopecia X

A

Nordic breeds
Poodle - fluffy breeds
Pomeranian
Chow- chow
Samoyed

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15
Q

Possible causes of Alopecia X

A

increased androgen production
mild cushing’s

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16
Q

Clinical signs of Alopecia X

A

Cosmetic
symmetrical non inflammatory alopecia
hyperpigmentation on neck, trunk & caudal surface of thighs

17
Q

Treatment of Alopecia X

A

Castration - testosterone therapy
Trilostane
Melatonin

18
Q

Pathogenesis of Acromegaly

A

Middle aged bitches - exogenous progestogens, mammary tumour, metoetrus, ovarian cyst
Middle/ old aged male cats - pituitary tumour

19
Q

Clinical signs of Acromegaly

A

large head
large paws
increased interdental space
distended abdomen
loose skin
snoring
dyspnoea
pupd
protruding skin

20
Q

Lab d of Acromegaly

A

Glucosuria

21
Q

Treatment of Acromegaly

A

Insulin therapy
Progestogen & agleprisone
Ovariectomy
Hypophysectomy, cobalt irradiation (cats)

22
Q

Cause of Diabetes Insipidu

A

Decreased ADH

23
Q

Cause of decreased ADH

A

Decreased Production
Decreased sensitivity

24
Q

Role of ADH

A

renal water resoprtion control
urine production & concentration

25
Q

Predisposed to Diabetes Insipidus

A

middle aged/ old bitches

26
Q

Types of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Central
Nephrogenic

27
Q

Central Diabetes Insipidus

A

Most severe
Partial (low ADH) or complete (no ADH)
Due to; tumour of - pituitary, hypothalamic, hypophysectomy, inflammation, trauma

28
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

Most common
Impaired action of ADH on kidneys
decreased sensitivity
Potentially reversible
Due to; kidney/ liver failure, hypercalcaemia, addison’s, cushing’s, pyometra

29
Q

Clinical signs of Diabetes Insipidus

A

PU/PD
Dehydration
death

30
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Blood sample
abdo US
cortisol measurement
Urinalysis

31
Q

How to distinguish nephrogenic from central Diabetes Insipidus

A

Modified water deprivation test
Desmopressin Test

32
Q

Modified water deprivation test

A

Be careful as dehydration is risky in Diabetes Insipidus patients
CDI - USG >1.030
NDI - no change

33
Q

Desmopressin test

A

Give desmopressin for 7 days
CDI - decreased pu/pd by day 7. increased USG
NDI - minimal improvement

34
Q

Treatment of Central Diabetes Insipidus

A

Desmopressin

35
Q

Treatment of nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

decreased Na diet
provide continuous source of water
thiazide diuretics

SAM Final (48 decks)

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