Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SAM Final > 21. Acute liver diseases in dogs and cats. Acute hepatic failure, feline hepatic lipidosis > Flashcards

21. Acute liver diseases in dogs and cats. Acute hepatic failure, feline hepatic lipidosis Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

are liver diseases more likely to be acute or chronic

A

acute because chronic conditions allow for regeneration time and functional adaptation.
chronic only show if 70% of hepatic functional mass has been lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

general non specific clinical signs

A

anorexia
weight loss
poor coat
vomiting
diarrhoea
apathy
lethargy
depression
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

general specific clinical signs

A

icterus
bilirubinaemia
CNS signs
enlarged abdomen
pu/pd
DIC
coagulopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

causes of liver associated ascites

A

pre hepatic
intra hepatic
post hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prehepatic mechanism

A

ateriovenous fistula
portal vein obstruction
portal vein hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

intrahepatic mechanism

A

portal venule hypoplasia
sinusoidal cellular infiltration
fibrosis ; periportal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

post hepatic mechanism

A

aka passive congestion
hepatic vein obstruction
cauda vena cava obstruction
RS HF
pericardial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

differential of ascites

A

HF
peritonitis
protein loss due to AKI/ GI
liver disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

predispositions to liver disease in cats

A

liver has less storage & regenerative capacity than dog
more likely to suffer a biliary disease or hepatic lipidosis
rarely develop fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, APSS
hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

predispositions to liver disease in dogs

A

more likely to suffer a parenchymal disease
smaller liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What % of liver is affected in Acute Hepatic Failure - AHF of dogs

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

histo of AHF

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 3 outcomes of AHF

A

recovery
chronic liver disease
death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical signs of AHF

A

Mild - slow progression
Severe - acute AHF
depression
dehydration
abdo pain
coagulopathy
CNS signs
polydipsia
icterus
fever
vomiting
anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lab D of AHF

A

Increased; ALT, AST, ALP. GGP. Br, FBA- PPBA, NH3
Decreased ; glucose. bun, albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

US of AHF

A

decreased echogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

toxic effect of AHF

A

intrinsic - reproducilbe, dose dependant, toxic dose limit, direct toxic effect
extrinsic - non reproductible, unique, not dose- dependant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hepatotoxins

A

Parcetamol
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Potentiated sulphonamide
xylitol
Primidone (cats)
Diazepam (cats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

paracetamol toxic effect

A

in cats
rapidly depletes the body’s stores of glutathione
oxidative effects
causing erythrocyte methamoglobinaemia and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clinical signs of paracetamol toxicosis

A

cyanosis
dyspnoea
facial oedema
tachycardia
tachypnoea
brown blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lab d of paracetamol toxicosis

A

haemolytic anaemia
methemoglobinaemia
abnormal rbcs
increased; ALT, Br, haemoglobinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment of paracetamol toxicosis

A

fluish stomach
activated charcoal
IVFT, oxygen, mannitol
antioxidants
N- acetylcycteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phenobarbital toxicosis

A

rarely causes hepatotoxicity
treat by decreasing dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lab d of Phenobarbital toxicosis

A

decreased; albumin
Increased; Br, enlarged liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Phenytoin toxicosis
very hepatotoxicosis causes hepatitis, fatal intrahepatic cholestasis short half life in dogs
26
types of potentiated sulphonamide toxicosis
sulphonamide hypersensitivity - thrombocytopaenia, fever, polyarthropathy acute hepatopathy - liver necrosis& cholestasis destructive cholangitis - idiosyncratic hypersensitivity, acholic faeces
27
other drugs causing hepatotoxxicity
phenytoin - hepatitis, fatal intrahepatic cholestasis primidone - liver necrosis, lipidosis & cholestasis
28
xylitol toxicosis
quickly absorbed into liver causes very pronounced dose- dependant insulin production in dogs leads to hypoglycaemia, liver necrosis, acute liver failure
29
Lab D of xylitol toxicosis
hypoglycaemia hypokalaemia increased ; liver enzymes, Br hypophosphataemia --> hyper
30
Clinical signs of xylitol toxicosis
vomiting weakness tremor AHF lethargy ataxia seizure
31
treatment of xylitol toxicosis
emesis not activated charcoal monitor and maintain blood glucose palliative therapy
32
AHF caused by pathogens in dogs
Canine Adenovirus Canine Herpesvirus Leptospirosis Clostridium Piliformis Helicobacter Canis Abscess Mycosis Toxoplasmosis Dirofilaria immitis
33
another name for Canine Adenovirus
Rubarth's disease
34
consequence of Canine Adenovirus
hepatic necrosis gall bladder oedema
35
Clinical signs of Canine Adenovirus
None (low chance) Chronic Hepatitis & cirrhosis Centrilobular to bridging hepatic necrosis
36
Pathology of Canine Adenovirus
dark and mottled liver
37
complications of Canine Adenovirus
HE DIC hypoglycaemia CN GI vasculitis tonsillitis jaundice
38
Diagnosis of Canine Adenovirus
inclusion bodies IF antibody test biopsy
39
treatment of Canine Adenovirus
vaccine symptomatic - atropine, IVFT, blood transfusion, topical corticosteroids
40
Canine Herpesvirus
acute, afebrile, fatal in neonates Older dogs = mild upper resp signs Multiorgan failure - liver, kidney, lung
41
Pathology of Canine Herpesvirus
acute, systemic necrosis & haemorrhage necrotising vasculitis petechiae vessicles subcutaneous oedema
42
Lab d of Canine Herpesvirus
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
43
Leptospirosis
Zoonotic, acute disease
44
Toxin causes of Leptospirosis
lysis of tight junction intrahepatic cholestasis vascular damage - - bleeding tendencies
45
Lab D of Leptospirosis
increased; ALPL, ALT, BA, Br
46
Clinical Signs of Leptospirosis
Fever DIC Myalgia Oedema Jaundice Haematemesis Haematochezia Vomiting Vascular injury Melena Renal dysfunction Epistaxis Oliguria/anuria Uveitis
47
Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
US - thickened gallbladder serology PCR isolation from fresh urine
48
clinical signs Clostridium Piliformis
acute onset, rapidly fatal anorexia lethargy abdo discomfort
49
Diagnosis of Clostridium Piliformis
Biopsy - multifocal periportal hepatic necrosis
50
Treatment of Clostridium Piliformis
No treatmend
51
Pathology of Clostridium Piliformis
multifocal hepatic necrosis necrotising ileus
52
Helicobacter canis
mostly young dogs lesions of bile canalculi
53
2 different types of Hepatic abscess
Focal - ischaemia, hepatobiliary infection Multifocal - systemic infection
54
Clinical signs of hepatic abcess
Anorexia Ascites Depression Weight loss Vomitus Hepatomegaly Fever
55
Lab d of hepatic abcess
neutrophilia (left shift) increased ; liver enzymes, Br
56
Treatment of hepatic abcess
surgery - drainage - AB
57
Clinical signs of Mycotic infection
Hepatomegaly ascites icterus cough/ dyspnoea
58
lab d of mycotic infection
increased liver enzymes +/- SBA Increased ; Br, Albumin Decreased ; DIC
59
Pathology of Mycotic infection
Granulomatous / pyogranulomatous inflammation
60
2 mycosis
Histoplasmosis Coccidiosis
61
histoplasmosis
affecting - bone marrow, lymph nodes, GIT
62
coccidiosis
affecting - bone marrow, ln, joints, abdo organs
63
toxoplasmosis infection affects
lungs, eye, lymphoid tissue, spleen, cns, heart
64
toxoplasmosis clinical signs
icterus abdo pain fever uveitis
65
pathology of toxoplasmosis
widespread multifocal necrosis ahf
66
Treatment of toxoplasmosis
clindamycin
67
dirofilaria immitis
post caval syndrome affects RA of heart
68
Clinical signs of dirofilaria immitis
anorexia weakness dyspnoea haemoglobinuria anaemia icterus
69
Lab d of dirofilaria immitis
intravascular haemolysis
70
pathology of dirofilaria immitis
acute, passive congestion of the liver.
71
AHF causing pathogens in cats
Herpes FIP Lepto Clostridium Piliformis Hepatic abcess mycotic infection toxoplasmosis dirofilaria immitis
72
Feline hepatic lipidosis
increased hepatocellular accumulation of lipids & cholestasis leading to hepatic failure indoor DSH, obese cats that then undergo prolonged anorexia
73
Clinical signs of Feline hepatic lipidosis
Anorexia Hepatomegaly Depression Depression (HE) Dehydration Salivation (HE) Icterus GI signs (D & V) Coagulopathy Ventroflexion of head & neck
74
2 types of FHL
idiopathic hepatic lipidosis secondary hepatic lipidosis
75
Idiopathic Hepatic lipidosis
high resistance protein catabolism in cats amino acids can be constantly lost - fasting during illness or anorexia or stress can increase fat mobilisation from fat stores --> decreased lipoprotein synthesis leading to lipid accumulation
76
main 2 consequences of Idiopathic Hepatic lipidosis
lipid accumulation and increased ammonia
77
Secondary Hepatic lipidosis
most common
78
cause of Secondary Hepatic lipidosis
metabolic / infective disease Cholangiohepatitis DM Cardiomyopathy IBD Pancreatitis FORL CKF FIP Neural diseases Neoplasia Toxins Drugs (tetracycline)
79
Lab D of FHL
increased ; ggt, SBA, ALT, ALP, TBr, glucose, NH3 decreased ; K, P, Mg
80
Diagnosis of FHL
Liver biopsy early biopsy may lead to death Vit K depletion - coagulopathy (dangerous) US - hepatomegaly FNA & cytology
81
Treatment of FHL
gcc are contraindicated NG tube avoid re feeding syndrome treat HE, coagulopathy
82
FIP cause
corornavirus
83
which organs are affected in FIP
peritoneum pleura brain eyes parenchymal organs
84
Clinical signs of fip
non mild resp, mild diarrhoes
85
Diagnosis of FIP
no definitive test
86
diazepam in cats
acute hepatic failure and high mortality

SAM Final (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions