49. Diseases of the external ear in dogs and cats

Question 1

which species is more predisposed

Answer 1

dogs >cats

Question 2

what is otitis externa

Answer 2

acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear

Question 3

what can acute otitis externa lead to

Answer 3

chronic otitis externa

Question 4

what can be seen in the case that acute leads to chronic

Answer 4

ceruminous gland hyperplasia
epithelial hyperplasia
hyperkeratosis
follicular hyperplasia

Question 5

what are the long term consequences of chronic otitis externa

Answer 5

apocrine gland rupture
sebaceous gland degeneration
auditory canal fibrosis, stricture or calcification

Question 6

predisposition to otitis externa

Answer 6

hanging auditory canal
narrow auditory canal
frequent bathing
swimmine
increased cerumen from glands
increased soft tissue

Question 7

primary causes of otitis externa

Answer 7

otodectes
demodex
endocrine disorders
contact hypersensititivity
keratinisation disorders
AIDs
sarcoptes
atopy
food allergy
foreign body
tumour

Question 8

secondary causes of otitis externa

Answer 8

bacteria
yeast
irritative drugs
over cleaning

Question 9

perpetuating factors that maintain inflammation

Answer 9

skin oedema
skin fibrosis
ulceration
thickened skin
stricture
decreased epithelial migration
ceruminous gland obstruction or dilation

Question 10

diagnosis of otitis externa

Answer 10

otoscope exam
cleaning
repeat otoscope
sampling

Question 11

what can be seen with otoscope exam

Answer 11

ear canal width and length
skin of pinnas concave surface
skin of ear canal
state of tympaanic membrane
sensititivty of ear canal
discharge

Question 12

3 types of ear cleaning agents

Answer 12

cerumenolytics
drying agents
disinfectants

Question 13

what is a cerumenolytic used for

Answer 13

emulsifying wax/ lipid containing contents

Question 14

what are drying agents used for

Answer 14

lowers hte pH of the ear, causing keratolysis and antimicrobial effect

Question 15

types of cerumenolytics

Answer 15

Dioctyl sodium
Calcium sulphosuccinate
Squalene
Glycerine

Question 16

types of drying agents

Answer 16

Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Acetic acid
Lactic acid

Question 17

disinfectant for the ear

Answer 17

chrlohexidine

Question 18

other treatment for otitis externa

Answer 18

topical and systemic AB, antimycotics, antiparasititcs or antiinflammatories

Question 19

bacterial otitis externa

Answer 19

staphylococcus
pseudomonas
streptococcus
e. coli
enterobacter
proteua

Question 20

fungal otitis externa

Answer 20

malassezia pachydermatis
candida
microspora

Question 21

parasitic otitis externa

Answer 21

otodectes
ticks
demodex

Question 22

otodectes cynotis predisposition

Answer 22

cats > dogs
young > old

Question 23

otodectes cynotis clinical signs

Answer 23

intensive scratching and shaking
black, crusty ear surface
red, inflamed surface
black - brown discharge
v painful

Question 24

Malassezia pachydermatis clinical signs

Answer 24

thickened, wrinkled ear surface
dark brown discharge
inflammation
cobble stoned pattern of skin
canal stricture
bowling pin shaped fungi under microscope

Question 25

most common foreign body in ear

Answer 25

fox tail grass

Question 26

clinical signs of fox tail grass

Answer 26

sudden unilateral onset pain scratching bloody discharge shaking head tilt pus

Question 27

treatement of fox tail

Answer 27

removal cleaning

Question 28

mass in dog ear

Answer 28

papilloma > adenocarcinoma > polyps

Question 29

history of mass in dog ear

Answer 29

smelly, bloody discharge severe middle ear symptoms over a chronic period

Question 30

treatment of mass in dog

Answer 30

total ear canal ablation ventral bulla osteotomy

Question 31

examination of mass in dog ear

Answer 31

Possible visible mass; Narrowed ear canal Bloody discharge; Debris & pus Inflamed & irregular skin Sensitive & painful

Question 32

mass in cat ear

Answer 32

polyps is most common

Question 33

history of polyps in cat

Answer 33

head tilt scratching resp symptoms smelly discharge horners

Question 34

examination of polyps in cat

Answer 34

visible large discharge closed ear canal inflammation and irregular skin senstitive and painful

Question 35

treatment of polyps in cats

Answer 35

traction removal gcc surgery

Question 36

staphylococcus in ear clinical signs

Answer 36

Erythematous inflammation; Pustules; Pus Mild ear canal narrowing Painful & sensitive

Question 37

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ear clinical signs

Answer 37

Reddened canal; dry, brown contents; Inflammed; Ulcers Mild narrowing; Some creamy-brown discharge Highly sensitive & painful