11. Diseases of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Ileus.

Question 1

dental formula of dogs

Answer 1

I3/3 C1/1 PM4/4 M2/3

Question 2

dental formula of cats

Answer 2

I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 M1/1

Question 3

examination of tongue

Answer 3

shape
size
surface
colour
consistency
moveability

Question 4

examination of gum

Answer 4

colour
moisture
intactness

Question 5

examination of salivary glands

Answer 5

size
surface
colour

Question 6

clinical signs of dysphagia

Answer 6

inappetance
halitosis
pawing at the mouth
hypersalivation
facial swelling
oral haemorrhage
nasal discharge
inability to swallow
dropping food

Question 7

differential diagnosis of dysphagia

Answer 7

dental disease
oral ulcer
trauma
fracture
stomatitis
glossitis
gingivitis
oersophageal disease
neoplasia
granuloma
myositosis

Question 8

where can myositosis occur

Answer 8

temperomandibular joint
masticator joint

Question 9

neurological issues that can look like dysphagia

Answer 9

tick paralysis
tetanus
botulism
cranial nerve deficit

Question 10

diagnosis of dysphagia

Answer 10

open/ close mouth
signs of systemic disdease
palpate muscles
cranial nerve function
xray
endoscope
CT, MRI
histopath
pcr
elisa
biopsy

Question 11

definition of Periodontal disease

Answer 11

inflammation of supporting structures surrounding the teeth

Question 12

supporting structures of tooth

Answer 12

gingiva
periodontal lig
alveolar bone

Question 13

predisposition of Periodontal disease

Answer 13

older
smaller
non abrasive foods
rough tooth surface
malocclusion
diabetes
retroviral infection

Question 14

Plaque formation

Answer 14

adheres to all surfaces of the tooth

Question 15

how is plaque formed

Answer 15

layers of bacteria, saliva, food become mineralised forming calculus –> cytokine release -> stimulated osteoclasts -> thinning of bone within socket

Question 16

what is gingivitis

Answer 16

reversible inflammation of marginal gum due to plaque in sulcus

Question 17

what is periodontitis

Answer 17

reversible inflammation of marginal gum & supra alveolar tissue

Question 18

what does tooth loss occur in periodontitis

Answer 18

at 80% of loss of support

Question 19

Clinical signs of periodontitis

Answer 19

halitosis
discomfort when eating
bloody saliva
oronasal fistula

Question 20

treatment of periodontitis

Answer 20

plaque removal
polish and scale

Question 21

prevention of periodontitis

Answer 21

daily brushing
chew toys
dental diets

Question 22

what is FORL

Answer 22

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions

Question 23

definition of FORL

Answer 23

reactivation of odontoclast cells which stimulate the resorption of tooth structure

Question 24

clinical signs of FORL

Answer 24

reluctance to eat dry food
pain with eating
hyperplastic gingival tissue

Question 25

diagnosis of FORL

Answer 25

visual exam and probing xray - retained roots

Question 26

treatment of FORL

Answer 26

extraction

Question 27

definition of stomatitis

Answer 27

inflammation of oral mucosa

Question 28

how is stomatitis classified

Answer 28

according to lesion and localisation

Question 29

stomatitis by lesion

Answer 29

simple ulcerative ulcerative & pseudomembranous necrotising Proliferative

Question 30

stomatitis by localisation

Answer 30

gingivitis periodontitis glossopalatine arch faucitis

Question 31

causes of stomatitis

Answer 31

systemic disease immune mediated disease immunosuppression traumatic, physical or chemical virus bacteria fungi

Question 32

systemic causes of stomatitis

Answer 32

uraemia DM

Question 33

immune mediated causes of stomatitis

Answer 33

SLE pemphigus foliceus idiopathic vasculitis

Question 34

viral causes of stomatitis

Answer 34

FeLV FIV FIP FCV FHV FPV distemper

Question 35

bacterial causes of stomatitis

Answer 35

bartonella henslae

Question 36

fungal causes of stomatitis

Answer 36

candidiasis cryptococcus

Question 37

Clinical signs of stomatitis

Answer 37

anorexia dsyphagia salivation pain when eating difficult to open mouth enlarged LN ulcers reddening erosions vessicles plaque

Question 38

predisposition of ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 38

maltese king charles

Question 39

clinical signs of ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 39

dysphagia

Question 40

diagnosis of ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 40

hematology biochem urinalysis PCR ELISA biopsy

Question 41

differential of ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 41

palatine ulcers neoplasia

Question 42

definition feline chronic gingivostomatitis

Answer 42

inflammation and proliferation of gingiva and oral mucosa

Question 43

cause of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

Answer 43

unknown, hypersensitivity viral - FCV,FHV 1, FIV, FLV Bacteria - bartonella henslae

Question 44

diagnosis of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

Answer 44

PCR biopsy histopath diffuse lymphocytic infiltration in mucosa

Question 45

clinical signs of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

Answer 45

same as stomatitis

Question 46

treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

Answer 46

prophylactic dental AB extraction antiinflammatory cyclosporin

Question 47

Feline eosinophilic granuloma cause

Answer 47

unknown, idiopathic, hypersensitivity, infectious, immune mediated

Question 48

what is an ulcer compared to a granuloma

Answer 48

ulcer - upper lip. well circumscribed, symetrical, non pruritic, red/ brown, ulcerated granuloma - tongue, lips, gums, single/ multiple, discrete, firm or raised, may ulcerate

Question 49

clinical signs of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

Answer 49

dysphagia ptyalism oral pain

Question 50

Diagnosis of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

Answer 50

CBC biopsy histopath allergy

Question 51

differential of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

Answer 51

neoplasia foreign body reaction mycosis

Question 52

treatment of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

Answer 52

prednisolone cyclosporine irradiation

Question 53

Masticatory muscle myositis cause

Answer 53

immune attack

Question 54

predisposition of Masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 54

dobermann rottweilerlin

Question 55

clinical signs of Masticatory muscle myositis acute

Answer 55

inflammation - dysphagia, pain, localised swelling, exophthalmos

Question 56

clinical signs of Masticatory muscle myositis chronic

Answer 56

fibrosis - no mouth opening, bilateral atrophy

Question 57

diagnosis of Masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 57

biopsy, histopath,serum 2M AB

Question 58

treatment of Masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 58

prednisolone NG tubing

Question 59

diseases of the tongue

Answer 59

glossitis tumour congenital macroglossia strangulation of tongue trauma

Question 60

diseases of the salivary glands

Answer 60

sialocele sialodentis sialoadenosis

Question 61

what is sialocele

Answer 61

enlargement associated with a salivary gland due to accumulation of saliva within surrounding tissue

Question 62

cause of sialocele

Answer 62

idiopathic trauma

Question 63

clincial signs of sialocele

Answer 63

dysphagia gaggine

Question 64

treatment of sialocele

Answer 64

surgical removal of glands / ducts

Question 65

what is sialodentis

Answer 65

inflammatory response with no evidence of infection. pain

Question 66

clinical signs of sialodentis

Answer 66

dysphagia gagging fever

Question 67

treatment of sialodentis

Answer 67

gcc ab

Question 68

what is sialoadenosis

Answer 68

bilateral, large, non inflammatory enlargement. Non painful

Question 69

Clinical signs of sialoadenosis

Answer 69

wretching gulping ptyalism

Question 70

diagnosis of sialoadenosis

Answer 70

FNA

Question 71

oral neoplasia of dog

Answer 71

malignant melanoma > scc > fibrosarcoma

Question 72

oral neoplasia of cat

Answer 72

scc > fibrosarcoma

Question 73

predisposition of malignant melanoma

Answer 73

older, medium sized dogs

Question 74

prognosis of malignant melanoma

Answer 74

bad, metastasis is common

Question 75

treatment of malignant melanoma

Answer 75

surgery, chemo, radiation

Question 76

SCCS invasiveness

Answer 76

ulcerative & locally invasive into surrounding bone highly metastaic if located caudally in mouth

Question 77

treatment of scc

Answer 77

nose removal chemo maxilla or mandibular removal

Question 78

fibrosarcoma predisposition

Answer 78

older large breeds retrivers

Question 79

origin of fibrosarcoma

Answer 79

gingiva or palate

Question 80

treatment of fibrosarcoma

Answer 80

excision radiotherapy

Question 81

epulis 2 types

Answer 81

acanthomatous fibromatous

Question 82

where do acanthomatous epulis arise from

Answer 82

periodontal ligament and invade the bone

Question 83

where do fibromatous epulis arise from

Answer 83

dental laminar epithelium. not invasive

Question 84

what is ileus

Answer 84

distruption of the normal propulsive gi motor activity

Question 85

predispoisiton of ileus

Answer 85

young large

Question 86

types of mechanical ileus

Answer 86

intraluminal, intramural, extramural

Question 87

types of functional ileus

Answer 87

paralytic, vascular bowel disease, spastic bowel segment

Question 88

cause of foreign body ileus

Answer 88

solid/ cavitary object linear foreign bodies trichobezoar

Question 89

pathophysiology of ileus

Answer 89

intestinal spams and ischaemia, impaired peristalsis, fluid, electrolyte imbalance

Question 90

clinical signs of ileus

Answer 90

no appetite depressed vomitting abdo pain praying position of dog dehydration

Question 91

abdominal palpation of ileus

Answer 91

foreign body wide intestines bunching of intestines no faeces

Question 92

diagnosis of ileus

Answer 92

xray contrast x ray US ex lap