8. Myocardial diseases

Question 1

definition of cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

disease of the heart muscle

Question 2

how can cardiomyopathy lead to CHF

Answer 2

it makes it harder for blood to be pumped

Question 3

Predisposition of DCM

Answer 3

doberman
great dane
irish wolfhound
poddle
newfoundland
dog
large

Question 4

which dog has juvenile onset DCM

Answer 4

portuguese water dog

Question 5

pathogenesis of DCM

Answer 5

causes - > decreased contractile function -> decreased cardiac output -> decreased renal blood flow -> compensatory mechanism

Question 6

2 compensatory mechanisms OF DCM

Answer 6

RAAS
SNS

Question 7

acute effects of DCM

Answer 7

eccentric RV hypertrophy
increased HR

Question 8

chronic effects of DCM

Answer 8

ventricular arrhythmias
LS/ RS CHF

Question 9

Clinical Signs of DCM

Answer 9

murmur
weak peripheral pulse
exercise intolerance

Question 10

clinical signs of LS CHF

Answer 10

dyspnoea
pulmonary oedema
weight loss
cyanosis
hydrthorax

Question 11

clinical signs of RS CHF

Answer 11

ascites
distended jugular
sc oedema
increased cardiac dullness
weak pulse

Question 12

auscultation of DCM

Answer 12

systolic heart murmur
arrhythmia with pulse deficit

Question 13

diagnosis of DCM

Answer 13

ECHO
ECG

Question 14

what is seen in an echo in case of DCM

Answer 14

LA/ LV DILATION
+/- RA / RV dilation
mitral / tricuspid valve regurgitation
eccentric hypertrophy
poor contractility
decreased fractional shortening

Question 15

what is seen in ecg in case of DCM

Answer 15

sinus tachycardia
supraventricular tachycardia
wide / tall QRS and P waves
atrial fibrillation
atrial / ventricular premature contractions

Question 16

treatment of DCM

Answer 16

furosemide
pimobendan
ace inhib

Question 17

Predisposition of HCM

Answer 17

cats
male
mainecoon
ragdoll

Question 18

Pathogenesis of HCM

Answer 18

concentric hypertrophy -> necrosis - > fibrosis -> increased diastolic pressure -> LA enlargement -> stagnation

Question 19

Clinical Signs of HCM

Answer 19

tiredness
exercise intolerance
collapse
tachycardia
cyanosis
asphyxia

Question 20

ausculation of HCM

Answer 20

systolic murmur
gallop sounds
arrhythmia with pulse deficit

Question 21

what is seen in echo in case of HCM

Answer 21

LV wall thickened
LV septum thickened
pap muscle hypertrophy
decreased LV end systolic diameter
dilated LA, narrowed LV

Question 22

treatment of HCM

Answer 22

furosemide
o2
ace inhibitor

Question 23

cause of RCM

Answer 23

unknown
potential diastolic dynsfunction
mainly in cats

Question 24

clinical signs of RCM

Answer 24

same as HCM
LV is normal
LA is enlarged

Question 25

pathogenesis of RCM

Answer 25

stiff LV due to increased collagen -> increased diastolic pressure -> increased LA -> LS CHF -> thrombus

Question 26

what is the main difference between RCM and HCM

Answer 26

collagen

Question 27

what does ARVC stand for

Answer 27

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 28

definition of ARVC

Answer 28

fatty infiltration of RV

Question 29

predisposition of ARVC

Answer 29

boxer

Question 30

pathogenesis of ARVC

Answer 30

no sustained VT -> no cerebral perfussion for over 6 seconds causing syncope

Question 31

clinical signs of ARVC

Answer 31

LS CHF sudden death

Question 32

what is seen on an ecg in case of ARVC

Answer 32

ventricular premature complexes ventricular extrasystole >100-300 VPC on a holter monitor

Question 33

treatment of ARVC

Answer 33

sotalol, mexiletine, atenolol antiarrhythmic treatment

Question 34

myocarditis viral causes

Answer 34

parvo distemper

Question 35

myocarditis bacterial causes

Answer 35

borrelia rickettsia

Question 36

myocarditis fungi causes

Answer 36

aspergillus cryptococcus

Question 37

myocarditis parasitic causes

Answer 37

toxoplasma neospora

Question 38

tumours of myocardium

Answer 38

hemangiosarcoma chemodectoma lymphosarcoma

Question 39

metabolic disorders causing myocardititis

Answer 39

hypo/ hyper thyroidism electrolyte imbalance uraemia glycogen storage disorder

Question 40

toxicoses causing myocarditis

Answer 40

heavy metals co2 ethanol doxorubicin catecholamines digoxin monensin