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OCT 720 > Chapter 3C (Joints of the Arm, Forearm, and Hand) > Flashcards

Chapter 3C (Joints of the Arm, Forearm, and Hand) Flashcards

1
Q

Bicipital aponeurosis

A

Triangular membranous band running form the biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merging the the antebrachial fascia covering the flexor muscles from the forearm.

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2
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Thin, but strong, fibrous membrane connecting the radius and ulna to permit pronation/supination

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3
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Continuation of the antebrachial fascia, posterior thickening over the distal ends of the radius and ulna, holds the extensor tendons in position

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4
Q

Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

A

Continuation of the antebrachial fascia, this fibrous band extends between the anterior prominences of the outer carpal bones and helps form the roof of the carpal tunnel, through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass

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5
Q

Palmar aponeurosis

A

The flexor and extensor retinacula continue as a palmar fascia. The palmar aponeurosis the the thick, tendinous, and triangular central part of the palmar fascia that overlies the central compartment of the palm.

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6
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge type of synovial joint

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7
Q

(Elbow Joint)

Hinge type of synovial joint

A

The trochlea and capitulum of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna and head of the radius.

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8
Q

(Elbow Joint)

Ligaments

A
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • Anular ligament of radius
  • Ulnar collateral ligament and its bands (anterior, posterior, and oblique
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9
Q

(Elbow Joint)

Movements of the joint

A
  • Flexion and extension

- Moved chiefly by the brachialis and biceps brachii for flexion; triceps brachii for extension

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10
Q

(Elbow Joint)

Blood supply

A

Radial and ulnar recurrent arteries

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11
Q

(Elbow Joint)

Nerve supply

A

Musculocutaneous, radial, and ulnar nerves

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12
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Pivot type synovial joint

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13
Q

(Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint)

Pivot type synovial joint

A

The head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

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14
Q

(Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint)

Ligaments

A
  • Anular ligament of the radius

- Sacciform recess

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15
Q

(Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint)

Movements of the joint

A
  • Supination and pronation
  • Supination is produced chiefly by the supinator muscle and biceps brachii, with pronation chiefly produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres
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16
Q

(Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint)

Blood supply

A

Peri-articular arterial anastomosis of the elbow joint

- Radial and middle collateral arteries anastomosing with the radial and recurrent interosseous arteries

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17
Q

(Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint)

Nerve supply

A
  • Pronation is a function of a median nerve

- Supination is a function of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves

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18
Q

What type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Pivot type of synovial joint

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19
Q

(Distal radio-ulnar joint)

Pivot type synovial joint

A

The head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch on the medial side of the distal radius

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20
Q

(Distal radio-ulnar joint)

Ligaments

A

Articular disc (triangular ligament)

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21
Q

(Distal radio-ulnar joint)

Movements

A
  • Supination and pronation
  • During pronation, the distal radius crossing over the ulna anteriorly; during supination, the radius uncrosses from the ulna
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22
Q

(Distal radio-ulnar joint)

Blood supply

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

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23
Q

(Distal radio-ulnar joint)

Nerve supply

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves

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24
Q

What type of joint is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint?

A

Condyloid type synovial joint

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25
Q

(Wrist - Radiocarpal joint)

Condyloid type synovial joint

A
  • The ulna does not participate in the wrist joint

- The distal end of the radius and articular disc articulate with the proximal row of carpal bones (except the pisiform)

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26
Q

(Wrist Joint)

Ligaments

A
  • Palmar and dorsal radio carpal ligaments

- Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

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27
Q

(Wrist Joint)

Movements

A

Flexion-extension, radial deviationo-ulnar deviation, and circumduction

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28
Q

(Wrist Joint)

Movement of the wrist is primarily by the ____ ____ of the forearm.

A

Carpi muscles

29
Q

(Wrist Joint)

“Carpi” muscles

A
  • Flexion: FCR and FCU
  • Extension: ECRL, ECRB, and ECU
  • Radial deviation: APL, FCR, ECRL, and ECRB
  • Ulnar Deviation: ECU and FCU
30
Q

(Wrist Joint)

Blood supply

A

Dorsal and palmar carpal arches

31
Q

(Wrist Joint)

Nerve supply

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves, dorsal and deep branches of the ulnar nerves

32
Q

What type of joint are the intercarpal joints?

A

Plane type synovial joint

33
Q

What joints are the plane type synovial joint in the wrist?

A

Joints between the carpal bones of the proximal/distal row

34
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Midcarpal joint

A

Joint between the proximal and distal rows

35
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Pisotriquetral joint

A

Joint formed by the articulation of the pisiform and the triquetrum

36
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Ligaments

A

Anterior, posterior, and interosseous ligaments

37
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Movements

A
  • Functions with the wrist joint in hand movement
  • Gliding movement between carpals
  • Extension and radial deviation occurring at the midcarpal joint
  • Flexion-extension of the hand initiated at the mid-carpal joint
38
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Blood supply

A

Dorsal and palmar arches

39
Q

(Intercarpal joints)

Nerve supply

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve, and dorsal and deep branches of the ulnar nerve

40
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint

41
Q

CMC saddle type synovial joint

A

The distal surfaces of the distal carpals articulate with the carpal surfaces of the bases of the first metacarpals

42
Q

(CMC Joint)

Ligaments

A
  • Palmar and dorsal CMC ligaments

- Transverse metacarpal ligament

43
Q

(CMC Joint)

Movements

A
  • Angular movements in any plane
  • Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction, opposition of thumb
  • Almost no movement occurs at CMC for digits 2 and 3, slight movement for digit 4, moderate movement in digit 5
44
Q

(CMC Joint)

Blood Supply

A

Peri-articular arterial anastomoses of the wrist and hand

- Almost no movement occurs at CMC for moderate movement in digit 5

45
Q

(CMC Joint)

Nerve Supply

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves, dorsal and deep branches of the ulnar nerve

46
Q

The MCP is a ___ type synovial joint while the proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP) interphalangeal joints are a ____ type synovial joint.

A

Condyloid; hinge

47
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

MCP

A

Base of metacarpals articulate with the bases of the proximal phalanges

48
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

IP

A

Heads of the phalanges articulate with the bases of more distally located phalanges

49
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

Ligaments

A
  • Medial/lateral collateral ligaments
  • Palmar ligaments
  • Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments (MCP only)
50
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

Movement

A
  • MCP joints complete flexion-extetnsion and adduction-abduction
  • IP joints permit flexion/extension only
51
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

Blood supply

A

Deep digital arteries from the superficial palmar arches

52
Q

(MCP and IP Joints)

Nerve supply

A

Digital nerves arising from the ulnar and median nerves

53
Q

Avulsion of the medial epicondyle can result from a fall that casues ___________, resuling in tractiono of the ulnar colalteral ligament and ___________.

A

Severe abduction of the extended elbow; pulling the medial epicondyle distally

54
Q

(Avulsion of Medial Epicondyle)
This may be a common injury at a ____ age due to the medial epicondyle not fusing with the distal humerus until up to age ____.

A

Young; 20

55
Q

(Avulsion of Medial Epicondyle)
The _____ nerve is at risk for a _____ injury as it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle before entering the forearm.

A

Ulnar; traction (stretch)

56
Q

How does one dislocate the elbow joint?

A

Posterior dislocation of the elbow joint when falling on your hands with elbows flexed, or from hyperextension or a blow that drives the ulna posteriorly.

57
Q

(Dislocation of the elbow joint)

The ulnar collateral ligament is often _____

A

Torn

58
Q

(Dislocation of the elbow joint)

Associated fractures of the…

A

Radial head, coronoid process, or olecranon process of the ulna may occur.

59
Q

(Dislocation of the elbow joint)

The ulnar nerve may be at risk of injury, resulting in …

A

…numbness of the 5th digit and weakness of flexion and adduction of the wrist

60
Q

Preschool children are vulnerable to transient _____ of the head of the _____ .

A

Subluxation; radius

61
Q

Subluxation/dislocation of radial head is also known as…

A

nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow

62
Q

(Subluxation/dislocation of radial head)

Can be caused when a child is …

A

… suddenly liften/jerked by the UE while the forearm is pronated.

63
Q

(Subluxation/dislocation of radial head)

Sudden pulling of the upper limb tears the ____________ where is it loosely attached to the neck of the radius.

A

distal attachment of the anular ligament

64
Q

(Subluxation/dislocation of radial head)

The source of pain is the ____ ____ ___ by the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus.

A

pinched anular ligament

65
Q

(Subluxation/dislocation of radial head)

Treatment consists of…

A

Supination of the forearm while the elbow is flexed, recommended placement of a sling to allow for the anular ligament to heal (roughly 2 weeks)

66
Q

Skier’s thumb results from…

A

the rupture or chronic laxity of the collateral ligament of the first MCP joint.

67
Q

Skier’s thumb is caused by_____ and _____ of the MCP joint of the thumb.

A

Hyperabduction; hyperextension

68
Q

(Skier’s thumb)

Clinical presentation

A

Pain over the MCP aspect of the thumb, swelling/inflammation, tenderness with palpation.

OCT 720 (73 decks)

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