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OCT 720 > Chapter 5 (Abdominal Viscera Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 (Abdominal Viscera Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Viscera of the abdomen constitute the majority of the alimentary (digestive) system

A
  • Terminal part of the esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Intestines
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Kidneys
  • Suprarenal glands
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2
Q

What forms the GI tract?

A

The esophagus, stomach, and intestine

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3
Q

(GI Tract)

Peristalsis

A

A series of ring-like contraction waves that begin around the middle of the stomach and move slowly toward the pylorus

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4
Q

(GI Tract)
Absorption of chemical compounds occurs principally in the ____ ____; most reabsorption of water occurs in the ____ ____.

A

small intestine; ascending colon

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5
Q

(GI Tract)

The digestive tract in the abdomen consists of the…

A

Forgut, midgut, and hindgut

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6
Q

(GI Tract)

Forgut

A
  • Contains the abdominal portion fo esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver and gallbladder, pancreas
  • Supplied by the celiac trunk (celiac artery)
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7
Q

(GI Tract)

Midgut

A
  • Contains the duodenum distal to the common bile and pancreatic ducts jejunum and ileium, cecum, and appendix, ascending colon, right 2/3 of the transverse colon
  • Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
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8
Q

(GI Tract)

Hindgut

A
  • Contains the left 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal
  • Supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
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9
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach

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10
Q

(Esophagus)

Penetrates the digraph at the ______ vertebral level

A

T10

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11
Q

(Esophagus)

Contains 3 areas of constriction:

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Diaphragmatic
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12
Q

(Esophagus)

Cervical

A

Beginning at the pharyngo-esophageal junction

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13
Q

(Esophagus)

Thoracic

A

Compound constriction between the arch of the aorta and the left main bronchus of the lungs

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14
Q

(Esophagus)

Diaphragmatic

A

Passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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15
Q

(Esophagus)

The ____ ____ ____ within the abdominal cavity is composed of _____ _____.

A

Inferior third portion; smooth muscle

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16
Q

(Esophagus)

Passes through the ____ ____ of the diaphragm and terminates at the _____ ___ ___ ___ ______.

A

Esophageal hiatus; cardinal orifice of the stomach

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17
Q

(Esophagus)
The esophagus receives blood from the esophageal branches of the ____ _____ ____ from the celiac trunk and venus drainage from the ___ ___ ___ into the systemic venous system through the _____ _____.

A

left gastric artery; left gastric vein; esophageal vein.

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18
Q

(Esophagus)

The esophagus is innervated by the _____ _____ formed from the L/R vagus nerves

A

esophageal plexus

19
Q

Pyrosis

A
  • Also referred to as “heartburn”

- Most common type of esophageal discomfort or substernal pain

20
Q

(Pyrosis)

Burning sensation in the abdominal part of the esophagus. usually the result of …

A

regurgitation of small amounts of food or gastric fluid into the lower esophagus

21
Q

(Pyrosis)

Commonly classified as

A

Gastro-esophageal reflux disorder (GERD)

22
Q

(Pyrosis)
Although pyrosis occurs in the abdominal part of the esophagus, the sensation is often perceived ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, hence its colloquial term

A

to occur in the chest

23
Q

Stomach

A

Acts as a food blender and reservoir with its chief function being the acidic and mechanical digestion fo food

24
Q

(Stomach)

Connects the ____ and the ____ ____

A

Esophagus; small intestine

25
Q

(Stomach)

Divided into four regions:

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

26
Q

(Stomach)

Cardia

A

Around the opening of the esophagus

27
Q

(Stomach)

Fundus

A

Protruding superiorly above the gastroesophageal junction

28
Q

(Stomach)

body

A

The largest region

29
Q

(Stomach)

Pyloric part

A

containing the pyloric antrum and pyloric canal; controls the passage of chyme (gastric juice) into the duodenum

30
Q

(Stomach)

Contains a ____ ___ facing the liver superiorly and to the left and ____ ___ superiorly and to the right

A

Lesser curvature; greater curvature

31
Q

(Small Intestine)

Longest part of the GI tract and the primary site for …

A

absorption. of the nutrients from indigested materials

32
Q

(Small Intestine)

Consisting of 3 parts:

A

Deuodenum, jejunum, ileum

33
Q

(Small Intestine)

Duodenum

A

Receives food from the stomach and transports it to the jejunum

34
Q

(Small Intestine)

Jejunum

A

Proximal 2/5 of the remaining small intestine

35
Q

(Small Intestine)

Ileum

A

Distal 3/5 and sends food into the large intestine at the ileocecal junction

36
Q

Duodenum

A

C-shaped structure around the head of the pancreas

37
Q

(Duodenum)

Divided into 4 parts:

A

Superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending

38
Q

(Duodenum)
The duodenum is prone to develop ____ ____ in the 1st (superior) part, which may erode through the posterior wall and cause t a severe GI hemorrhage from the ____ _____ (from the celiac artery)

A

peptic ulcers; gastroduodenal artery

39
Q

(Duodenum)

An erosion INFERIORLY may cause ______

A

Pancreatitis

40
Q

(Duodenum)

An erosion ANTERIORLY may cause ______

A

Peritonitis

41
Q

(Jejunum and Ileum)

Make up the convolutions of the small intestine that occupy the majority of the …

A

Infracolic compartment of peritoneal cavity

42
Q

(Jejunum and Ileum)
Although there is no clear line of transition, the _____ is mainly locatated in the ____ ____ ___ of the abdomen and the _____ in the ____ _____ ____.

A

Jejunum is mainly located in the left upper quadrant; the ileum in right lower quadrant

43
Q

(Jejunum and Ileum)

The jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior body wall by a _____ and are classified as _______.

A

Mesentery; intraperitoneal

44
Q

(Jejunum and Ileum)
The jejunum and ileum are suppled by the _____ ____ ___, which unite to form ____ ___, which later give rise to stright arteries called ____ ____.

A

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA); arterial arcades; vasa recta

OCT 720 (73 decks)

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