Chapter 8 (The Cranium)

Question 1

(The Cranium)

Consists of 2 parts:

Answer 1

• Neurocranium

- Viserocranium

Question 2

(The Cranium)

Neurocranium

Answer 2

encloses, supports and protects the brain. also contains the proximal parts of the cranial nerves and vasculature of the brain

Question 3

(The Cranium)

Vicerocranium

Answer 3

aka. facial skeleton, plus the mandible

Question 4

(Neurocranium)

Is formed by 8 bones:

Answer 4

• 4 singular bones along the midline (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and occipital)
• 2 sets of bones occurring as bilateral pairs (temporal and parietal)

Question 5

(Neurocranium)

Contains a dome-like roof, the _____, and a floor/cranial base known as the _____.

Answer 5

calvaria; basicranium

Question 6

(Viscerocranium)

Is made up of ____ ____.

Answer 6

Facial bones

Question 7

(Viscerocranium)

It forms the ____ part of the cranium and consists of bones surrounding the ____, ____ and most of the ____.

Answer 7

anterior; mouth, nose, and most of the orbits

Question 8

(Viscerocranium)

The bones of the viscerocranium include the:

Answer 8

• Maxilla
• Zygomatic
• Lacrimal
• Palatine bones
• Vomer
• Ethmoid bone
• Inferior nasal concha
• Mandible

Question 9

(Sutures and Fontanelles)

Most of these bones are interconnected by _____, which are ____, _____ _____ ____.

Answer 9

sutures, which are immovable, interlocking fibrous joints

Question 10

(Sutures and Fontanelles)
In the fetus and newborn, large membranous and unossified gaps exist (____) between the bones of the skull, particularly between the _____ ____ ____ that cover the top of the cranial cavity.

Answer 10

fontanelles; large flat bones

Question 11

(Sutures and Fontanelles)

The fontanelles allow:

Answer 11

• The head to deform during its passage through the birth canal
• Postnatal growth

Question 12

(Sutures and Fontanelles)

Most of the fontanelles close …

Answer 12

during the first year of life

Question 13

(Cranial Fossae)

The cranial base has 3 large depressions:

Answer 13

• Anterior cranial fossa
• Middle cranial fossa
• Posterior cranial fossa

Question 14

(Cranial Fossae - Anterior Cranial Fossa)
Formed by the orbital plates of the ___ bone anteriorly, ___ bone centrally, and the body and lesser wings of ____ bone posteriorly

Answer 14

frontal bone anteriorly, ethmoid bone centrally; sphenoid bone posteriorly

Question 15

(Cranial Fossae - Anterior Cranial Fossa)

The orbital plates of frontal bone support the ___ ___ of the brain and form the …

Answer 15

frontal lobes; roofs of the orbits

Question 16

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)
____ shaped, has a central part composed of ___ ___ on the body of the sphenoid, and large depressed lateral parts on each side.

Answer 16

butterfly; thesella turcica

Question 17

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Pituitary gland lies in the ____ ____.

Answer 17

hypophyseal fossa

Question 18

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina:

Answer 18

• Optic canals
• Superior orbital fissure
• Foramen rotundum
• Foramen ovale
• Foramen spinosum
• Foramen lacerum

Question 19

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Optic canals

Answer 19

CN II, opthalmic arteries

Question 20

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Foramen rotundum

Answer 20

Maxilalry nerve

Question 21

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Foramen ovale

Answer 21

Mandibular nerve

Question 22

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Foramen spinosum

Answer 22

Middle meningeal artery

Question 23

(Cranial Fossae - Middle Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Foramen lacerum

Answer 23

Internal carotid artery

Question 24

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Largest and deepest of the cranial fossae, contains the ____, ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 24

cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 25

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Formed mostly by ____ and ____ bones, but parts of ___ and ____ bones also contribute.

Answer 25

occipital and temporal; parietal and sphenoid

Question 26

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina:

Answer 26

• Foramen magnum
• Jugular foramen
• Hypoglossal canal

Question 27

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Foramen magnum

Answer 27

Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI

Question 28

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Jugular foramen

Answer 28

CN IX, X and XI, superior bulb of internal jugular vein, sigmoid sinus

Question 29

(Cranial Fossae - Posterior Cranial Fossa)

Important foramina - Hypoglossal canal

Answer 29

CN XII

Question 30

(Foramen magnum)

The largest foramen in the skull, located ____, in the deepest part of the ____ ____ ____.

Answer 30

centrally; posterior cranial fossa

Question 31

(Foramen magnum)
Surrounded by the ____ part of the occipital bone anteriorly, the lateral parts of the ____ ____ on either side, and the ____ ____ of the occipital bone posteriorly.

Answer 31

basilar; occipital bone; squamous part

Question 32

(Foramen magnum)
Structures passing through the foramen magnum:
The ____ ____ and its continuation as the spinal cord passes superiorly through the foramen magnum to continue as the _____.

Answer 32

medulla oblongata; brainstem

Question 33

(Foramen magnum)
Structures passing through the foramen magnum:
Also passing through the foramen magnum are the…

Answer 33

vertebral arteries, the meninges, and the spinal roots of the accessory nerve (CN XI)