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OCT 720 > Chapter 7C (The Foot) > Flashcards

Chapter 7C (The Foot) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of 20 individual muscles in the foot?

A
  • 14 plantar
  • 2 dorsal
  • 4 intermediate
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2
Q

The muscles of the foot are divided into 5 compartments:

A
  • Medial
  • Central
  • Lateral
  • Interosseous
  • Dorsal
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3
Q

(Muscles of Foot)

Medial compartment

A

Abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis

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4
Q

(Muscles of Foot)

Central compartment

A

Flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, and adductor hallucis

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5
Q

(Muscles of Foot)

Lateral compartment

A

Abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis

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6
Q

(Muscles of Foot)

Interosseous compartment

A

Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles

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7
Q

(Muscles of Foot)

Dorsal compartment

A

Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

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8
Q

(Fascia of Foot)

Medial compartment

A

Covered by the medial plantar fascia

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9
Q

(Fascia of Foot)

Central compartment

A

Covered by the plantar aponeurosis

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10
Q

(Fascia of Foot)

Lateral compartment

A

Covered by the lateral plantar fascia

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11
Q

(Fascia of Foot)

Interosseous compartment

A

Surrounded by plantar and dorsal interosseous fascia

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12
Q

(Fascia of Foot)

Dorsal compartment

A

Lies between the dorsal fascia and dorsal interosseous fascia

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13
Q

(Arches of the foot)
The arches of the feet help ____ ____, acting as ____ ___ and ____ for propelling it during walking, running, and jumping.

A

distribute weight; shock absorbers; springboard

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14
Q

(Arches of the foot)

Allow the foot to ____ ___ ___ in surface contour

A

adapt to changes

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15
Q

(Arches of the foot)

Weight of the body is transmitted to the ___ from the _____, then posteriorly to the _____ and ball of the foot.

A

talus form the tibia; calcaneus (heel)

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16
Q

(Arches of the foot)
The arches of the feet become _____ ____ by body weight when standing and resume curvature when the body weight is removed.

A

slightly flattened

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17
Q

(Arches of the foot)

Lateral longitudinal arch:

A
  • Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals

- Primary function = suport

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18
Q

(Arches of the foot)

Medial longitudinal arch:

A
  • Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st-3rd metatarsals
  • More dynamic, major roles in shock absorption and propulsion
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19
Q

(Arches of the foot)

Transverse longitudinal arch:

A
  • Cuboid and cuneiforms

- Support and shock absorption

20
Q

Nerves of the foot:

A
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Superficial and deep fibular nerve
  • Medial and lateral plantar nerve
  • Sural nerve
21
Q

Arteries of the foot - Dorsum:

A
  • Dorsalis pedis artery
  • Deep plantar artery
  • Lateral tarsal artery
  • 1st dorsal metatarsal artery
  • Arcuate artery
  • 2nd-4th dorsal metatarsal artery
  • Dorsal digital arteries
22
Q

Arteries of the foot - Plantar:

A
  • Medial and lateral plantar artery
  • Superficial and deep plantar arch
  • Plantar metatarsal arteries
  • Perforating branches
  • Plantar digital arteries
23
Q

(Venous Drainage of Foot)

____ ____ allow for one-way shunting of blood from the superficial to deep veins

A

Perforating veins

24
Q

(Venous Drainage of Foot - Deep venous drainage)
The veins of the deep venous drainage will accompany the arteries of the foot and drain into the ____ ____ ____, _____ ____ ____, and _____ ____ in the leg.

A

anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein, and fibular vein in the leg

25
Q

(Venous Drainage of Foot)

Superficial venous drainage

A
  • Dorsal digital veins
  • Plantar digital veins
  • Dorsal metatarsal veins
  • Dorsal venous arch
  • Dorsal venous network
  • Plantar venous network
  • Medial marginal vein (to the great saphenous vein)
  • Lateral marginal vein (to the small saphenous vein)
26
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)

Flat feet is common before age 3 due to the …

A

thick subcutaneous fat pad in the sole

27
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)

As children get older, the fat is lost and a normal ____ ___ ____ becomes visible.

A

medial longitudinal arch

28
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)

Flat feet can either be ____ or _____

A

flexible or rigid

29
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)

Flexible

A
  • Flat, lacking a medial arch when weight is bearing but normal in appearance when not weight-bearing
  • More common, result from loose or degenerated intrinsic ligaments (inadequate passive arch support)
30
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)

Rigid

A
  • Flat even when not bearing any weight

- Likely result of bone deformity

31
Q

(Pes Planus - Flat Feet)
Flat feet are common in older adults, particularly if they undertake ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____, adding stress on the muscles and increasing strain on the ligaments supporting the arches

A

unaccustomed standing or gain weight rapidly

32
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia

33
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Caused by an ____ ____

A

overuse mechanism (running, high impact aerobics)

34
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Most common hind-foot problem in ______

A

runners

35
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Characterized by pain in the ____ ____ ___ ___ ____.

A

plantar surface of foot and heel

36
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Pain in the plantar surface is most severe after ____ and when ___ ___ ___ in the morning.

A

sitting; beginning to walk

37
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Point tenderness is located at the ____ ____ of the ____ to the …

A

proximal attachment of the aponeurosis; medial tubercle of the calcaneus

38
Q

(Plantar Fasciitis)

Pain increases at the proximal attachment with ____ ____ of the great toe and ____ of the ankle or weight-bearing.

A

passive extension; dorsiflexion

39
Q

(Palpation of Dorsalis Pedis)

The dorsalis pedis artery may be used during evaluation/physical exams as a means of…

A

obtaining one’s heart rate/pulse

40
Q

(Palpation of Dorsalis Pedis)

The pulses are easy to palpate because the ____ ___ ____ ____.

A

dorsal arteries are subcutaneous

41
Q

(Palpation of Dorsalis Pedis)

A diminished or absent dorsalis pedis pulse usually suggests…

A

vascular insufficiency due to arterial disease

42
Q

(Palpation of Dorsalis Pedis)

Signs of acute arterial occlusion:

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Paresthesia
  • Paralysis
  • Pulselessness
43
Q

What is in the first layer of muscle?

A
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
44
Q

What is in the second layer of muscle?

A
  • Quadratus plantae

- Lumbricalss

45
Q

What is in the third layer of muscle?

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Adductor hallucis
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
46
Q

What is in the fourth layer of muscle?

A
  • Plantar interossei (three muscles)

- Dorsal interossei (four muscles)

OCT 720 (73 decks)

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