Chapter 8 (The Brain)

Question 1

Parts of the brain are composed of:

Answer 1

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem

Question 2

(Parts of the Brain)

Cerebrum

Answer 2

Includes the cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia

Question 3

(Parts of the Brain)

Cerebellum location

Answer 3

Lies posterior to the pons and medulla, inferior to the posterior part of the cerebrum

Question 4

(Parts of the Brain)

Brainstem

Answer 4

Includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 5

(Parts of the Brain)

Consist of:

Answer 5

• Gyri
• Sulci
• Fissures

Question 6

(Parts of the Brain)

Features of the cerebrum:

Answer 6

• Cerebral hemispheres
• Longituginal cerebral fissure
• Sulci
• Lobes
• Poles

Question 7

(Parts of the Brain)

Sulci:

Answer 7

Central, lateral, parieto-occipital

Question 8

(Parts of the Brain)

Lobes:

Answer 8

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 9

(Parts of the Brain)

Poles:

Answer 9

Frontal, temporal, occipital

Question 10

(Parts of the Brain)

Features of the cerebellum:

Answer 10

consists of two lateral hemispheres that are united by a narrow middle part, the verm

Question 11

(Parts of the Brain)

Features of the diencephalon and brainstem:

Answer 11

• Diancephalon
• Mid brain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata

Question 12

(Parts of the Brain)

Diencephalon - Composed of the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, forming the ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

Answer 12

central core of the brain

Question 13

(Ventricular System)

2 lateral ventricles

Answer 13

Largest cavities of the ventricular system and occupy large areas of the cerebral hemisphere. Each lateral ventricle will open through an interventricular foramen into the 3rd ventricle

Question 14

(Ventricular System)

3rd ventricle:

Answer 14

Slit-like cavity between the right and left halves of the diencephalon

Question 15

(Ventricular System)

4th ventricle:

Answer 15

Pyramid-shaped ventricle in the posterior part of the pons and medulla

Question 16

(Ventricular System - 4th ventricle)
____ ____ will drain into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle through the single ____ ____ and paired ____ ____.

Answer 16

Cerebrospinal fluid; median aperture and paired lateral apertures

Question 17

(Cerebrospinal Fluid)

Largely secreted by the _____ _____ in the lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles.

Answer 17

choroid plexuses

Question 18

(Cerebrospinal Fluid)

CSF leaves the lateral ventricles through the ____ _____ and enter the 3rd ventricle.

Answer 18

interventricular foramina

Question 19

(Cerebrospinal Fluid)

The CSF will pass through the ____ _____ into the 4th ventricle, where it will exit via the _____ and ______ _____.

Answer 19

cerebral aqueduct; median and lateral aperatures

Question 20

(Cerebrospinal Fluid)

Most CSF will flow into the _____ and _____ cisterns.

Answer 20

interpendicular and quadrigeminal cisterns

Question 21

(Cerebrospinal Fluid)

CSF helps protect the brain by …

Answer 21

providing a cushion against blows to the head

Question 22

(Arterial Blood Supply of Brain)

Blood supply from the brain is derived from:

Answer 22

• internal carotid arteries

- Vertebral arteries

Question 23

(Arterial Blood Supply of Brain)

Internal carotid arteries terminal branches include the…

Answer 23

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 24

(Arterial Blood Supply of Brain)

Vertebral arteries contains what parts and what is its terminal branch?

Answer 24

• contains cervical, atlantic, and intracranial parts

- Its terminal branch is known as the basilar artery, which will divide into the two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 25

(Arterial Blood Supply of Brain)

Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle) from anterior to posterior is formed by the:

Answer 25

• Anterior communicating artery
• Anterior cerebral arteries
• Internal carotid arteries
• Posterior communicating arteries
• Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 26

(Venous Drainage of Brain)

Venous drainage from the brain occurs via ____ and _____ veins that drain to the adjacent…

Answer 26

cerebral and cerebellar veins; dural venous sinuses and internal jugular veins

Question 27

(Cerebral Concussion)

If a person recovers consciousness within ____ ____, the long-term outcome is ____.

Answer 27

6 hours; excellent

Question 28

(Cerebral Concussion)

If a coma lasts more than 6 hours, ____ _____ _____ usually occurs.

Answer 28

brain tissue injury

Question 29

(Cerebral Concussion)

Brain injuries result from _____ and_____ of the head that ____ or ____ the axons (diffuse axonal injury)

Answer 29

acceleration and deceleration; shears or stretches

Question 30

(Hydrocephalus)

Caused by an _________________ may result in excess fluid int the cerebral ventricles a puts pressure on the brain.

Answer 30

overproduction of CSF, obstruction of CSF flow, or interference of CSF absorption

Question 31

(Hydrocephalus)

May ultimately damage _____ ____ and cause a range of impairments in brain function.

Answer 31

brain tissue

Question 32

(Hydrocephalus)

Signs and symptoms may include: In infants

Answer 32

Enlargement of the head, poor growth, impaired tactile sensation, deficits in muscle tone and strength, poor feeding

Question 33

(Hydrocephalus)

Signs and symptoms may include: In older adults

Answer 33

Memory loss, incontinence, loss of thinking/ reasoning skills, shuffling gait, poor coordination and balance, lethargy

Question 34

(Stroke)
Described as a ___ ____ of normal blood flow of the brain that results in the death of brain cells from _____ _____ _____.

Answer 34

acute disruption; producing brain malfunction

Question 35

(Stroke)

The primary feature of a stroke is the sudden onset of a ____ ____.

Answer 35

neurological symptom

Question 36

(Stroke)

There are two types of stroke:

Answer 36

• Ischemic (impaired blood flow)

- Hemorrhagic (bleeding)

Question 37

(Transient Ischemic Attacks)

TIAs refer to …

Answer 37

temporary neurologic symptoms resulting from ischemia lasting < 24 hours.

Question 38

(Transient Ischemic Attacks)

Symptoms include:

Answer 38

• Staggering
• Dizziness
• Light-headedness
• Fainting
• Paresthesias

Question 39

(Transient Ischemic Attacks)

People with TIAs are at increased risk for…

Answer 39

subsequent ischemic strokes and myocardial infarctions