Chapter 8 (Orbital Region)

Question 1

(Orbits)

Are bilateral bony cavities in the facial skeleton resembling ____ ____ ____.

Answer 1

hollow quadrangular pyramids

Question 2

(Orbits)

Help contain and protect the ____ and ____ ____ ____.

Answer 2

eyeballs and accessory visual structures.

Question 3

(Orbits)

Accessory visual structures:

Answer 3

• Eyelids
• Extra-ocular muscles
• Nerves and vessels
• Orbital fascia
• Mucous membrane

Question 4

(Orbits)

The orbit has a base, 4 walls, and an apex:

Answer 4

• Base
• Superior wall (roof)
• Medial wall
• Lateral wall
• Inferior wall (floor)
• Apex

Question 5

(Orbits)

Base

Answer 5

Orbital margin surrounding the orbital opening

Question 6

(Orbits)
Superior wall (roof)

Answer 6

Orbital part of frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 7

(Orbits)

Medial wall

Answer 7

Orbital plate of ethmoid bone, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal and spehnoid bones

Question 8

(Orbits)

Lateral wall

Answer 8

frontal process of zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid

Question 9

(Orbits)
Inferior wall (floor)

Answer 9

Maxilla and parts of zygomatic/palatine bones

Question 10

(Orbits)

Apex

Answer 10

Optic canal in lesser wing of sphenoid medial to superior orbital fissure

Question 11

(Eyeball)
Occupies most of the anterior of the orbit and is suspended by the ____ ____ ____ that control its movement, and a _____ ____.

Answer 11

6 extrinsic muscles; suspensory apparatus

Question 12

(Eyeball)

The eyeball consists of 3 layers:

Answer 12

• Outermost fibrous layer
• Vascular layer
• Inner layer

Question 13

(Eyeball)

Outermost fibrous layer

Answer 13

Providing shape and resistance, consisting of the sclera and cornea

Question 14

(Eyeball)

Vascular layer

Answer 14

Consists of the choroid, ciliary bodies, and iris

Question 15

(Eyeball)
Inner layer (retina)

Answer 15

The sensory neural layer of the eyeball, containing an optic part sensitive to visual light, and a nonvisual part extending over the ciliary body and posterior iris. Aso contains the macula

Question 16

(Eyeball)
The ____ ____ of the ciliary body will secrete ____ _____ and are connected to the ____ by a suspensory ligament (zonular fibers)

Answer 16

ciliary processes; aqueous humor; lens

Question 17

(Eyeball)
The ____ ____ is a ring-like thickening of the vascular layer connecting the choroid with the circumference of the iris; provides attachment for the lens.

Answer 17

ciliary body

Question 18

(Eyeball)

The ciliary body helps control the…

Answer 18

thickness/focus of the lens (for accommodation)

Question 19

(Eyeball)

The iris contains ____ ____ and ____ ____ muscles to control the entrance of light through the pupil.

Answer 19

sphincter pupillae (parasympathetic) and dilator pupillae (sympathetic)

Question 20

(Lacrimal Apparatus)

Consists of the ____ ____ that secrets _____ ____ that will spread over the eyeball and enter the lacrimal sac.

Answer 20

lacrimal gland; lacrimal fluid

Question 21

(Lacrimal Apparatus)

Fluid passes through the ____ ____ to the ____ ____ of the nasal cavity.

Answer 21

nasolacrimal duct; inferior meatus

Question 22

(Strabismus)

It is a condition in which the eyes …

Answer 22

do not line up or move together to look toward an object.

Question 23

(Eye Diseases: Cataracts & Glaucoma)

Presbyopia

Answer 23

As people age, their lenses become harder and more flattened, reducing the focusing power of the lenses

Question 24

(Eye Diseases: Cataracts & Glaucoma)

Cataracts

Answer 24

characterized by a loss of transparency (cloudiness) of the lens

Question 25

(Eye Diseases: Cataracts & Glaucoma)

Glaucoma

Answer 25

involves a blockage/obstruction of aqueous humor in the chambers of the eye; this pressure may gradually reduce peripheral vision