Anti-hypertensive Drugs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anti-hypertensive Drugs Deck (22)
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1
Q

Examples of ACE-I

A

Ramipril, Lisinopril

2
Q

Mechanism of action of ACE-I

A

Inhibit ACE, reducing the level of angiotensin II causing reduced vasoconstriction, reduced levels of aldosterone reducing water retention

3
Q

ADRs of ACE-I

A

Dry cough, First dose hypertension, Hypotension, Hyperkalaemia, Headaches, Reduced renal function

4
Q

DDIs of ACE-I

A

Hypokalaemia with thiazide and loop diuretics

Hypotension with diuretics

5
Q

Examples of beta blockers

A

Atenolol, Bisoprolol

6
Q

Mechanism of action beta blockers (hypertension)

A

Reduce SNS, reduce contractility and heart rate, reduces cardiac output

7
Q

ADRs of beta blockers

A

Reduced exercise tolerance, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia

8
Q

DDIs of beta blockers

A

Bradycardia with cardiac glycosides, Reduced effectiveness with beta agonists

9
Q

Types of Ca channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridines, Phenylalkylamines, Benzothiazepines

10
Q

Example of dihydropyridine

A

Amilodipine

11
Q

Example of phenylalkylamine

A

Verapamil

12
Q

Example of benzothiaepine

A

Diltiazam

13
Q

Mechanism of action of dihydropyridines

A

Reduce Ca influx into vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation

14
Q

Mechanism of action of phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines

A

Slow conduction through the SA and AV nodes

15
Q

ADRs of dihydropyridines

A

Tachycardia, Palpitations, Flushing, Sweating, Oedema, Headaches

16
Q

ADRs of phenylalkylamines

A

Constipation, Bradycardia, Reduced contractility

17
Q

ADRs of benzothiazepines

A

Bradycardia, Reduced contracility

18
Q

Example of cardiac glycosides

A

Digoxin

19
Q

Mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides

A

Inhibit Na/K ATPase reducing Na conc, reverses the NCX reducing intracellular Ca reducing contractility

20
Q

ADRs of digoxin

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Agitation, Depression, Convulsions, Psychosis, Arrhythmia

21
Q

Management pathway for hypertension

A
  1. 55 or black = Ca channel blocker
  2. Add either ACE-I or Ca channel blocker
  3. Add thiazide diuretic
  4. Increase diuretic or add beta blocker
22
Q

Management for heart failure

A

Beta blockers, ACE-I, Cardiac glycosides, Thiazide diuretics, Aldosterone antagonists