Diabetic Drugs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Diabetic Drugs Deck (22)
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1
Q

Example of Biguanide

A

Metformin

2
Q

Mechanism of action of Metformin

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and adipose, Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis

3
Q

ADRs of metformin

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency

4
Q

Examples of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Piaglitozone, Rosiglitazone

5
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Activate PPAR gamma receptors reducing gluconeogenesis and increasing glucose uptake

6
Q

ADRs of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Weight gain, Heart failure, Oedema

7
Q

DDIs of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Displacement from plasma proteins

8
Q

Half-life of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

7hrs, metabolites active for 150hrs

9
Q

Examples of sulphonylureas

A

Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide

10
Q

Mechanism of action of sulphonylureas

A

Antagonise the ATP dependent K channels on beta cells, cause depolarisation opening VOCC causing insulin release

11
Q

ADRs of sulphonylureas

A

Nausea, Weight gain, Vomiting, Hypoglycaemia

12
Q

DDIs of sulphonylureas

A

Displacement from plasma proteins

13
Q

Mechanism of action of gliptins

A

Mimic GLP1 - increase insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion, decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glucose uptake by muscles

14
Q

ADRs of gliptins

A

GI upset

15
Q

Mechanism of action of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Inhibit alpha glucosidase preventing the breakdown of dietary carbohydrates to glucose

16
Q

ADRs of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence, Loose stool, Abdo pain

17
Q

Mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Inhibit SGLT2 reducing reabsorption of glucose in the nephron

18
Q

ADRs of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

UTIs, Polyuria, Hypoglycaemia

19
Q

Two types of insulin regimin

A

Basal bolus and pre-mixed

20
Q

Describe basal bolus regimin

A

Long acting given as a base, short acting given with meals

21
Q

Describe pre-mixed regimin

A

Combination of long and short acting given twice daily

22
Q

Steps in managing diabetes

A
  1. Life style changes
  2. Metformin
  3. Add sulphonylurea
  4. Add glitazone, gliptin,or SGLT inhibitor
  5. Begin insulin