APUSH Final Exam Review Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
Why was period 1 1491-1607
A
1491- 1 year prior to European contact
1607- first permanent English settlement (Jamestown)
2
Q
Exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
A
Colombian Exchange
3
Q
Where was maize grown
A
Southwest US and Mexico
4
Q
The Great Plains and Great Basin were located in _______ modern day US and they led a ________ lifestyle largely because …
A
Central
Nomadic (hunters), they lacked resources
5
Q
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on America?
Europe?
Africa?
A
Disease impacted natives, guns and horses impact native life, radically mixed population (mestizo [NA and European])
Potatoes and maize lead to population growth and more capitalistic ideas
Slave trade (middle passage) (Spanish and Portuguese first countries to begin trade in West Africa)
6
Q
Royal grant of land by the Spanish crown to settlers who promised to Christianize natives
Replaced by African slave labor
A
Encomienda system
7
Q
Independence, self-rule
A
Autonomy (Africans and Natives seek to preserve their autonomy)
8
Q
Period 2 spans from 1607-1754
Why?
A
Jamestown- beginning of the 7 years war
9
Q
Who established NE colonies
Describe them briefly
A
Puritans
Like-minded community
Mix of agriculture and commerce
10
Q
What two people were banished form NE colonies
A
Roger Williams, Anne Hutchison
11
Q
Describe Middle colonies
A
Cereal crops- religious, ethnically, demographically diverse
Most diverse/accepting
12
Q
What were the Chespeake colonies and what were they most known for
A
Maryland and Virginia
TOBACCO
Relied on indentured servants until 1676 (Bacon’s Rebellion) then moved to African slaves
13
Q
Southern colonies/West Indies characteristics
A
Staple crops (sugar) heavy use of slave labor Africans made up majority of population
14
Q
Native American rebellion in SW US
Spanish sought to end native practices inconsistent with Christianity
Spanish kicked out for 10 years and when they came back they advocated religious assimilation
A
Pueblo Revolt
15
Q
Process of colonies taking on British characteristics
Seen through trans-Atlantic print culture, commercial ties, etc
A
Anglicization
16
Q
Focus on reason and intelligence
Individuals begin to question government (monarchies)
A
Enlightenment
17
Q
Montesquieu advocated for _______ branches of gov’t during the enlightenment and ________ called for consent of the government
A
Three, Locke
18
Q
What is mercantilism
A
Economic theory-goal to make money for mother country
Positive balance of trade that favors mother country
19
Q
Period three is 1754-1800. Why?
A
1754- beginning of 7 years war in 1756
1800- Jefferson’s election
20
Q
The 7 years’ war was the ______ and the ______ vs the _______ and the ________
A
British/colonists
French/natives
21
Q
Who started the 7 years war? Where?
Who won?
A
George Washington, Ohio Valley (Pitt)
Britain won and France is removed from North America
22
Q
France leaving North America and Britain taking their land is a _________ event
Why
A
Watershed
Britain ends salutary neglect and they begin to tax colonies with leads to colonial resistance
23
Q
The 7 years’ war end in ______
A
1763
24
Q
Explain two new taxes and the colonists’ response
A
Stamp act- stamp act congress, repeal of stamp act, Declaratory act (they could pass whatever acts they wanted in the future)
25
Who wrote Common Sense and what was the main purpose of the writing
```
Thomas Paine (enlightenment thinker)
Urged the colonists to break away from Great Britain
```
26
Who wrote Declaration of Independence
Whom was it inspired by
What was it
Jefferson, Adams, Franklin
Common sense (Paine) and enlightenment thinkers (Locke)
List of grievances against King George III
27
When was the American Revolution
The US won in spite of.....
Because of...
1775-1783
| Loyalist opposition, military and financial advantages by GB support from France/Europe, ideological commitment
28
Briefly describe the characteristics of the Articles of Confederation
Weak central government, could not tax, no national military, 9 out of 13 states need to agree to pass law, 13 required to amend articles
29
One of the successes of the articles of confederation was the ____________________ that admitted states into the union with 60,000 inhabitants. It outlawed slavery in NW territory and established public education
NW Land Ordinance
30
Too many problems with the articles of confederation resulted in the creation of the __________________
Describe it
Constitution
A lot of credit goes to James Madison, Based on federalism and separation of powers, series of compromises with limits on national powers
Written in 1787
31
Describe the compromises present in the constitution
Great Compromise- House (based on population), Senate had equal representation for each state
This combined NJ and Virginia plans
3/5 compromise- 60% of slavery would count as population towards state
Slave trade compromise outlawed international slave trade after 1808
32
Did the constitution deal with slavery?
No-postponed a solution to the problems of slavery
33
A list of rights guaranteed to individuals added after the constitutional convention
Why?
Bill of Rights
| Satisfy the anti-federalist so they would ratify the constitution
34
What are some of the impacts of the ideals of the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution
French Revolution (inspired by enlightenment ideas)
Divisions between Jefferson and Hamilton
Haiti and Latin America experience rebellions as well
35
GW Farewell address warned against what
Foreign alliances, political parties (tensions between Britain and France helped lead to political parties)
36
Tensions with Britain and France cause political parties
| How
Hamilton thought they should stay out of it but Jefferson thought they should help France (they helped us in REV War)
37
What was republican motherhood (effects)
Encouraged women to raise children and instill republican values in their families
Women gained more access to education
38
Period 4 is from 1800-1848
| Why
1800- Jefferson elected
| 1848- Seneca Falls Convention
39
First political parties formed in response to Hamiton's financial Plan and the French Revolution
Democratic-republican, federalist
40
Federalist characteristics
Upper-class, loose interpretation of constitution, pro British (trade), favored merchants, liked BUS (Hamiltonians)
41
Characteristics of Democratic-Republicans
(Jeffersonians), commoners, strict interpretation, pro-French, favored farmers, disliked BUS
42
When were democrats formed?
Characteristics?
Whigs?
In response to "King Andrew I"
Party of common man, white male suffrage, spoils system, low tariffs (democrats down)
Whigs: favor tariffs,, strong Congress, internal improvements, favored BUS
43
The Louisiana Purchase was in ______ and it marked the beginning of _______________
The US _______ in size. How did it change Jefferson
1803, manifest destiny, doubled
| He went from strict to loose interpretation to justify buying land
44
The Supreme Court helped assert _______ power over state laws and determined the meaning of the _________
Federal, Constitution
45
In 1803 Marbury vs Madison, the Supreme Court established the policy of _________________ (federal power over state laws)
What court case shows this
Judicial review
Gibbons vs. Ogden- Supreme Court ruled that federal government and not states ruled interstate trade (trade on River between NY and NJ)
46
Slavery was defended by people such as __________ as a _________
Give some reasons for slavery
```
John C Calhoun
Positive good
Saving their souls
Cradling the graves (Medicare and homes)
Cotton gin
Economy needs slavery
```
47
Focused on secular reform, especially abolitionism, and women's rights (Seneca Falls)
Inspired people to achieve perfection
Second Great Awakening
48
____________ is the fear of foreigners which is similar to _____
Xenophobia, nativism
49
```
Describe and/or identify one example
Textile machinery
Interchangeable parts
Canal
Railroad?
Telegraph?
Agricultural inventions?
```
Textile machinery
Allowed boats against current
Eli Whitney
Erie Canal connect NYC and Chicago (shipping)
The 1840s, faster shipment of goods and people
Spread info more quickly
Steel plow, McCormick reaper
50
The __________ system was Henry Clay's system that sought to unify the national economy
The three parts were
American
| BUS, tariff to fund internal improvements and protect American businesses
51
American system did not benefit ________
South (would not industrialize)
52
Migrants from Europe during Period 4 include _______ in cities and ___________ on the frontier as Farmers. Both groups mostly settled in the ____ and ____
Irish, Germans
| East, Midwest
53
Migrants from Europe in Period 4 led to ....
Interdependence between Northeast and old Northwest (so many people going there)
54
Transformation in how goods were produced- more outside the home; an increase in technology and transportation as well
Market Revolution
55
The American system called for national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements. These became the major political issues of the time as ________________trumped national concerns
Regional issues
56
When the federal government attempted to assert authorities over states, how did states resist
Hartford Convention, Nullification Crisis
57
The ___________________ was a anti-slave compromise passed in 1820
Missouri Compromise
58
_________________: proposed the gradual emancipation of slaves in MO; never passed
Tallmadge Amendment
59
What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise
| What does it apply to
MO added as a slave state, ME added as a free state, 36''30' above free below slave
Only applies to Louisiana purchase
60
The Missouri Compromise is eventually repealed by the _______________ and Dred Scott Decision
Kansas-Nebraska Act
61
Period 5 spans from 1844-1877
| Why
1844- election of James K Polk (height of manifest destiny)
| 1877- End of Reconstruction
62
The belief that it was the US's God-given right to expand
| It was based on a belief of..
Manifest destiny
| White racial superiority and American culture superiority
63
The election of 1844 Clay vs Polk focused heavily on
Manifest destiny (Polk was for it, Clay was not)
64
The Mexican-American war could be seen as an example of manifest destiny
The US won and gained the ____________
The ______________ Proviso proposed that slavery would be banned in all land gained from (answer above)
Mexican Cession
| Wilmot (huge debate in Congress and never passed)
65
In period 5, the US sought to trade with other areas including _____
Asia
66
US trading with other nations led to an influx of "Old Immigrants" (pre-Civil War)
This led to:
Nativist movement (ant Catholic/Irish)
Hoped to limit power of immigrants
Know-Nothing Party
67
What were some acts the promoted national development
Homestead Act
160 acres of land, encouraged western settlement
Morill Land Grant
Sold land and provided money for colleges
68
Abolitionists used many methods against slavery, including:
Fierce arguments- William Lloyd Garrison ("The Liberator")
Helping slaves run away- Underground RR
Violence- John Brown, Nat Turner's Rebellion
69
How was slavery defended in south
Positive good
Racist stereotyping- Jim Crow Minstrel Shows (Black Face)
Plessy v Ferguson
70
What was one proposal to solve the issues of slavery
Compromise of 1850 created to address land of Mexican Cession (Henry Clay's last compromise at 72)
71
What were the 5 parts of the compromise of 1850
Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession
A new, more strict Fugitive Slave Law, Slave trade in DC was abolished, California admitted to the union as a free state (tipped balance in favor of free states), Texas paid money (10 million) to give up claims to bordering states
72
Impacts of Compromise of 1850
North detested it (abolitionist movement)
| Nullified it/personal liberty laws didn't allow jails or courts to be used in capture of run away slaves
73
This act was proposed by Steven Douglas and it sought to allow for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska. Douglas wanted to built a railroad through Nebraska
Why is this important
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Overturns Missouri Compromise of 1820
Kansas should be slave Nebraska should be free
74
The Kansas Nebraska Act Suggestion results in
Bleeding Kansas- voters turn out in full force in Kansas
75
1857 Supreme Court Case that sought to settle the slavery question in territories
Dred Scott Decision
76
The Dred Scott decision said that slaves were not _______ and could not ___________________
It went further to explain...
Citizens, sue in court
| MC was unconstitutional and Congress could not regulate slavery in the territories
77
The Republican Party started as a sectional party in the _________ and ________. It was made up of many former_______
North and Midwest
| Whigs
78
Lincoln in 1860 ran on a free soil platform, meaning...
He was against extension of slavery
79
Impact of election of Lincoln
Southern secession, Civil war
80
The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in areas of _____
Rebellion
81
The __________ changed the purpose of the war, saw an increase in black soldiers in the military, and helped keep Europe from aiding the South
Emancipation proclamation
82
The Emancipation proclamation could be compared with the ____________ which talks about a new birth of freedom, or the ____ amendment
Gettysburg Address, 13th
83
Why did the North win the Civil war
Military leadership (Grant and Sherman), Effective Strategies (Anaconda Plan, March to the Sea), Key Victories (Antietam), More resources and people
84
The ___ amendment was passed in ______ and it abolished slavery
13, 1865
85
South tried to get around 13th ammendment with _______
Sharecropping
86
What is Sharecropping
Free men worked on farms in exchange for housing and land
1/2 of crops go to owner
Had to borrow money to get started (loans)
Crop Lean system
Many African Americans were and in perpetual debt
87
Sought to increase power in the south and increase rights for African Americans
Examples
Radical Republicans
| Charles Sumner,Thaddeus Stevens
88
Radical Republicans weren't successful because
Reconstruction ended in the compromise of 1877
| The North's waning result to assist African Americans
89
Waning means to _____
Decrease (north resolve is decreasing to assist AA)panic of 1873
90
___ amendment granted citizenship to African Americans and those born in US and provided equal protection of the laws.
It overturned the _______ decision
14th, Dred Scott
91
__ amendment provided suffrage for all adult males regardless of race or previous conditions of servitude
15
92
With the passing of the 14 and 15 amendments, what happened to women's rights groups
They were split; some favored providing suffrage for blacks before suffrage for women, others did not support it unless women were granted suffrage as well
93
Although amendments did pass granting blacks rights, these rights were stripped away sometimes by
Segregation (Plessy v Ferguson), Jim Crow Laws, (separate but equal), Violence (KKK, lynching of AA in south), local political tactics (poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses)
94
Change and continuity with slavery views
It's necessary, we know it's bad but we need it
| It's necessary and is okay, we are saving their souls, giving them homes
95
The stonewall riot was at the _______________ and led by ________
Stonewall Inn, gays
96
What was the Stono Rebellion
The African Americans wanted to run away to live with Indians in Florida
97
The first big rebellion connected to the revolution
The guy could not pay his taxes and it his farm was going to get foreclosed on
He wanted to close the court down
Shay's rebellion
98
One of the arguments of slavery is that if slaves were unhappy there would be more _____________
Resistance (instead, slaves sabotaged the masters' tools more subtly)
99
The most successful Native American revolt was _________________'s war
King Phillip
| Destroyed villages and killed many (third of male population)
100
The ______ _______ School is the school of art based on the Hudson River Valley in NY. They draw little people with huge mountains and trees showing how small people are in comparison to nature. They usually do Transcendentalists
Hudson River
101
The ____________ wore zoot suits and they were great dancers
Russaro's
102
Why was period 6 1865-1898
1865- end of the civil war
| 1898- beginning of Spanish American war (imperialism)
103
The Gilded Age was coined by ____
Mark Twain
104
What does the Gilded Age indicate
Describe political debates
Currency issue
Corporate expansion
On the surface, things were good, but many problems lied underneath
Focused on tariffs (Republicans Raise,, Democrats Down)
Republicans favored gold standard, populists want free and unlimited coinage of silver
Monopolies and trusts
105
After the Civil War, in what ways did the US gov't encourage westward expansion
Subsidies to railroads
| Cheap land
106
The westward expansion after the civil war led to conflict with __________. How
Natives
Treaties were violated
Near distinction of buffalo which were important to Native life (hunters)
107
The Battle of ______ _______ in 1890 is one example of the hostile relations with Natives out west. Nearly 300 natives died most of who were women and children
Wounded Knee
108
What is one way the migrators sought to assimilate the natives out west
Dawes Act sought to end tribal identity use
Took NA land and gave it to heads of families (changed from hunting to farming)
Changed way they dressed,, children sent to boarding school
109
Businesses during the Gilded Age consolidate their power. They justified this power through ideas such as...
Social Darwinism, Gospel of Wealth (by Andrew Carnegie)
110
Conflict emerged during the Gilded Age between ________ and __________ over natural resources and the preservation of land. Luckily, __________ did an amazing job at later preserving national parks
Business, conservationists
| Teddy Roosevelt
111
What were some of the labor unions that workers organized into during the Gilded Age
Knights of Labor (Terrance Powderly) (skilled and unskilled)
| American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)(unskilled only)
112
The federal government often sided with ___________ in labor disputes
Businesses
113
The "New South" was the idea that....
The south should industrialize after the Civil War
| Instead, Sharecropping and tenant farming persisted throughout the south
114
Mechanized agriculture hurt _____________. So, they created organizations to challenge RR's and corporate control of markets. One of these organizations was the ______ ________.
Farmers
| Populist Party/People's Party
115
In 1896, William Jennings Bryan ran as a part of the _______ ______ which advocated ....
Populist Party
| Political reform and increased government involvement in the economy (mostly farmers)
116
What were the goals of the Populist Party
Graduated income tax, government control of railroads and telegraphs, free silver
117
Immigration during the Gilded Age brought in people from _____ and _______ and ______ Europe. This led to __________. Give an example
Asia, Southern/Eastern. Nativism
| Chinese Exclusion Act
118
Immigrants sought to "_______" yet still preserve their cultural identities (autonomy)
Americanize
119
Protestant church movement that sought to end social issues in cities
Social Gospel
120
As cities became more crowded, we see the emergence of....
```
Political machines (Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall [political support in exchange for food, shelter, etc])(
Settlement Houses (James Addam's Hull House)
```
121
What are some examples of discrimination, violence, and segregation that were still present within the country even after the Civil War
APA (sought to keep Catholics out of office)
Plessy v Ferguson (Jim Crow Laws)
Activists that challenged their place (Booker T Washington advocated vocational training for AA's and Ida B Wells was an outspoken critic of lynching)
122
Period 7 was 1890-1945. Why
1890- Closing of frontier (overseas expansion)
| 1945- End of WWII, shift in US foreign policy
123
What were some reasons for oversea expansion closed
Frontier was closed/used up (Frederick Jackson Turner)
Economic motives (money for business and desire for trade)
Competition with European imperialists (China-spheres of influence)
Racial theories (White Man's Burden) they need to spread ideas
124
What was the outcome of the Spanish American war and what kind of stances were taken on the annexation of the lands won
US defeated Spain in 4 months
Gained Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
Debates between imperialists (TR, McKinley) and anti-imperialists (William Jennings Bryan, Anti-Imperialist League)
Long insurrection in the Philippines
125
The progressive era was from ______-_____
| And can be best characterized as
1890,1920
Advance government intervention in the economy (Meat Inspection Act, Hepburn Act (railroads))
Sought to expand democracy
126
Characteristics of the average progressive
Women, middle class, cities
127
WWI was from _____ to _____
| The US joined in _______ although they were initially _____
1914,1918,1917,neutral
128
Why did the US join WWI
Wilson wanted to make the world safe for democracy
129
What were some of the post-war details involved with WWI
Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, Wilson's 14 points
130
What is the US's attitude of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations
Doesn't like it, doesn't join
131
The Great Migration was a mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North during WWI for ________ _________
Economic opportunities
132
1918-1920 was the ____ _____ and it was caused by the Russian Revolution. It was a fear of _____ and labor unrest
Red Scare
| Communism
133
The Red Scare had people hesitant of ________ and __________
Radicals, immigrants
134
Quota Acts of 1920s were highly restrictive and aimed at _____
Immigrants
135
What were some technological advancements in the early 1920s
Refrigerator, car, radio
136
Many conflicts arose in the 1920s, give some examples
Tradition vs innovation
Fundamentalist Christianity vs scientific modernism (Scopes Trial)
Native Born vs New Immigrants (quota act)
White vs Black (Red Summer)
Idealism vs Disillusionment (Lost Generation)
137
A celebration of African American culture through writings, music, etc. (Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston)
Harlem Renaissance
138
What was the new deal
| Describe people for and against it
Created as response to GD
FDR
Influenced by progressive ideas
Relief, Recovery, Reform
Government takes active approach in economy
Some sought to limit it (Conservatives, Supreme Court)
Other called for more reforms (Huey Long, father Charles Townshed)
139
What were some impacts of the New Deal
Many agencies are still around (FDIC, Social Security
Did not completely overcome GD
Shift in voting- AA and unions began to support the Democratic Party
140
The US was neutral in WWII until _________________ happened
Pearl Harbor
| Although they claimed to be neutral, they traded heavily with Britain and the allies
141
Mass mobilization of WWII ended the GD
| Why
Economic opportunities for women and blacks
(Factory jobs)
Govt encouraged migration from Mexico (Bracero Program)
142
_______ _______ camps during WWII were an executive order upheld by Supreme Court. Japanese had to leave their homes
Japanese Internment
143
How did the US and the Allies win WWII
Political and military cooperation (Atlantic Charter)
Industrial production
Advancements in Technology and Science (Manhattan Project--Nuclear Weapons)
144
Why was period 8 1945-1980
1945- end of WWII, shift in US foreign policy
| 1980- Ronald Reagan elected emergence of conservative movement
145
The US foreign policy post WWII can be defined by one word:__________
This was coined by whom?
Containment (US sought to contain spread of communism)
| George Kennan
146
The US containing the spread of communism after WWII is similar to..
The free soiler's containing the spread of slavery before the Civil War, but not trying to end it totally
147
The US focused on helping non-communist countries resist communism. How?
NATO- alliance between US and European countries (1st peace-time alliance)
Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine provided money to countries in Europe to resist communism
148
During the Cold War, the US sought to support non-communist governments even if they weren't the most democratic, provide examples
Iran, Batista in Cuba, Vietnam
149
Detente means...
| Where do we see this
Easing of tensions (SALT treaties)
150
Tensions between US and USSR fluctuated between ________ and _______
Confrontation (Cuban Missile Crisis), detente
151
The Cold War sparked debates on topics like
Iiberty vs order
152
The Cold War caused the __________ and was designed to root out ______
2nd Red Scare, communism (Joseph McCarthy, HUAC, Truman's military oath))
153
Eisenhower's farewell address warned of having a large military in peactime. This was the idea of
Military Industrial Complex
154
The ______ is the southern part of the US that saw an emergence of new industries during the Vietnam War
Sun belt
155
_______ were common during the Vietnam war
| Examples?
Protests
Post 1968- TET Offensive (couldn't win)
Kent State Massacre (college students killed by national guard during protest)
156
Describe the roles of each branch of government in period 8 over civil rights
Executive: desegregation of military (Truman)
Judicial: Brown vs Board of Education (overturned Plessy v Ferguson)
Legislative- Civil Rights Act of 1964-ended segregation
157
Was there white resistance to desegregation? Explain
Yes- Southern Manifesto, Massive Resistance (schools would rather shut down) (Little Rock High School [9 black students escorted in])
158
Activists used many methods to fight segregation, including
Legal challenges, direct action(Freedom Riders), nonviolent protests (MLK)
159
After the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965,, tensions over philosophies increased. Many people called for more ____ power
Black
160
Continuation of new deal programs and the implementation of new government programs (Medicare, Medicaid) and promotion of Civil Rights (Civil Rights Act of 1964) (Voting Rights Act of 1965)
This took place during _____'s presidency
Great Society, LBJ
161
Increasing the involvement and power of gov't to fix societal problems
Height (Zenith) of liberalism
162
Ended the discriminatory quota system from the 1920s; encouraged immigration from Asia and Latin America
Immigration Act of 1965
163
Rights for women also increased in period 8 with...
For Homosexuals...
For Latinos...
Betty Friedan and NOW (National Organization of Women)
Stonewall Riots in NYC-promoted Gay Rights Mocement
Latinos- Cesar Chavez
164
Give some Supreme Court cases that expanded democracy and individual freedoms
Griswold vs Connecticut- SC struck down laws prohibiting birth control, establish "Right to Privacy"
Miranda vs Arizona: increased rights to accused (Miranda Rights)
165
What is the impact of the Great Society and Supreme Court decisions?
Helped motivate the conservative movement
166
Environmental movement really began (in period 8) with Rachel Carson's _________ _________
What did it do
How did the gov't respond
Silent Spring
Brought awareness to danger of pesticides on the Environment
Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Act
167
```
The counterculture (_________) of the 1960s challenged many ideas of their parents' generation (economic, social, political)
They embraced marijuana and helped initiate a _____ Revolution
```
Hippies
| Sexual
168
Period 9 is 1980-present
| Why
1980- election of Ronald Reagan and emergence of conservative movement
Present- today
169
What invigorated conservatism in the 1980s
Economic problems from 1970s (inflation) (people don't want gov't spending money)
Growth of religious fundamentalism
Public's loss of faith in government's ability to solve problems
170
What was one foreign policy failure in period 9
Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-Jan 1981)
| Reaction to US assistance to deposed Sha of Iran
171
What were conservative victories in period 9
| Non-victories
Taxation (reduction in taxes) "Reaganomics" "Trickle Down Economics"
Deregulation of many industries (less involvement of government in industries)
Abortion remained legal
172
Reagan and many conservatives denounced ______ Government
Big (conservatives favored smaller gov't but it grew after 1980)
173
Why did the size of the gov't grow after 1980
Hard to eliminate popular programs- Medicare, Social Security, etc.
174
Describe foreign policy under Reagan
Early in his administration, he rejected detente
Employed "bellicose rhetoric" (harsh terms ex) "Evil Empire")
He later developed positive relationship with Gorbachev (they achieved arms reductions)
175
Describe economy post 1980
US saw a decrease in manufacturing and union job (outsourced to other countries)
Debates over free trade agreement (NAFTA)
Size of safety nets (social security and reforming it)
176
In period 9, population shifts led to the _____ and the ____ gaining population ("Sun Belt")
We had immigrants from Latin America and Asia especially because of the ...
This led to policy debates
South, West
| 1965 Immigration Act
177
Changes for homosexuals in period 9 included Don't Ask Don't Tell in 1994. What did this do and when was it overturned
Banned openly gay individuals from serving in the military
| 2011
178
The War on Terrorism was a response to what major event
| What did this lead to
9/11
War in Afghanistan
War in Iraq (US believed Iraq had Weapons of Mass Destruction and connections to terrorism)
179
What was the impact of the war on terrorism
```
Debates over civil liberties vs government power (continuity throughout history)
PATRIOT ACT (similar to sedition acts, when there is a warm civil liberties go down)
```
180
Who is the Teflan President
Reagan (nothing sticks to him) (Iron Contra Affair)
181
Betty Friedan
Founder of modern women's movement (not so much suffrage)
| Wrote Feminist Mystique
182
What are the 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 amendment
```
Abolish slavery
Free citizenship to AA's
Voting for all males
Graduated income tax
Direct election of senators
Prohibition of alcohol
Women suffrage
```
183
Cult of domesticity
Mothers should raise/educate their children and make sure the home is okay and running smoothly
184
Give reasons for the second great migration
| First great migration
Inheritance tax, Weather, Sun belt, Allergy issues
| -AA from South to North looking fore more city-like jobs and less agricultural
185
What is the Iran Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States. 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981) after a group of Iranian students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.[1]
186
Identify some examples of literature and how they influenced their respective time periods
Great Awakening- Johnathon Edwards- sinners in the hands of an angry God (many Puritan sermons)
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau's Transcendentalism influenced views of nature (romanticism)
"How the Other Half Lives"- gilded age
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"- Harriet Beecher Stowe -slavery
"Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin" -historical accounts
"The Gettysburg Address"
Most works helped bring about something; war, victory, end of slavery, or encouraged certain behavior; Transcendentalism, religious revival (think of things that change [or seek to change] society in some way)
187
How did art change over the years
Cave drawings--unprofessional work-- John Smibert 1st chronicled artist in America--paintings reflected historical times "The Declaration of Independence" and natural things "The Frontier"
John Singleton Copley even painted portraits of people (Sam Adams, Paul Revere, Judith Sargent Murray)
188
What were the conditions of the Dawes Act of 1887
Gave each tribe 160 acres in attempt to Americanize them. After 25 years this property would become theirs if they followed rules and they would become a citizen
189
What was the Homestead Act of 1862
Allowed settlers to acquire 160 acres of land by living on/improving land for 5 years for a fee of $30
Land was usually terrible and infertile
190
When was the Great Awakening
| Why did it occur
1730s and 1740s
Put a greater importance on the individual and their spiritual experience
People questioned the role of the individual in religion and society
191
The second great awakening was in the ______ century in the US and changed the common religion from ... to ...
This religious revival is best known for its _____ ______
19th
Congregationalists, Anglicans, Quakers
Evangelical Methodists, baptists
Camp meetings
192
The enlightenment was in the ____ century and was basically...
What did it inspire
18th, the idea that humanity could be improved through rational change. It questioned traditional authority and is often called the Age of Reason
(American and French Revolutions)
193
Revolutionary war was from _____-_____
1775,1783
