HChem Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of bases?

Taste, indicator, rxn with metals, conductivity, feel

A

Bitter, change in color, no, yes, slipper (soap)

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2
Q

Acids start with __

A

H

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3
Q

Acid- substance must contain H proton, must be able to produce H in solution through dissociation
Base- contain OH-, produce OH- in solution

A

Arrhenius

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4
Q

Acid- anything that donates an H+ proton

Base- anything that accepts an H+ proton (NH3)

A

Bronsted- Lowrey

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5
Q

Acid- electron pair acceptor

Base- electron pair donator

A

Lewis

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6
Q

What are the 7 strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3, H2SO4

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7
Q

What are the 8 strong bases

A

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

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8
Q
Name the following
HCl
HI
HNO4
HClO3
H2SO2
H2CO
A
Hydrochloric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Pernitric acid
Chloric acid
Hyposulfurous
Hypocarbonous
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9
Q

If you’re finding the ph of something with a hydrogen concentration of 0.00125, how many sig figs would you have in your ph answer

A

Four (3 decimals places)

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10
Q

Molarity=

A

Moles of solid solute/L of solution

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11
Q

Explain the difference between a strong base and a weak base in terms of pH values AND hydroxide ion concentrations

A

A strong base is something like sodium hydroxide which is fully ionic. You can think of the compound as being 100% split up into metal ions and hydroxide ions in solution. The pH of a strong acid will have a smaller exponent and therefore be bigger.
The pH of a weak acid will have a higher exponent and be smaller
Only about 1% of a weak base produces hydroxide ions

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12
Q

When you add acid and water together, you _____ heat
Adding acid to water is preferably because water will absorb the energy, but if you add the acid first, the glass will absorb energy and heat will produce

A

Release

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13
Q

Ka of HCN

A

Ka= [H+][CN-]/[HCN]

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14
Q

Ka=

A

Concentration of products/concentration of reactants

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15
Q

When solving a Ka equation, always _____. If your answer is greater than 5 percent, use ___________ _______.

A

Assume, quadratic formula

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16
Q

A strong acid _________ completely

A

Dissociates

17
Q

The majority of weak acids are __________

A

Organic (complex)

18
Q

You do not need to show water with weak acids because it’s molarity is _____

A

1

19
Q

Always show water with weak bases ionizations because it acts as the _________ donator

A

Proton

20
Q

The conjugate base will always be one more ____

While the conjugate acid will always be one more ______

A

Negative, positive

21
Q

Characteristics of acids?

Taste, indicator, rxn with metals, conductivity, feel

A

Sour, change in color, up to H2, yes

22
Q

If you add an acid to a base _____

If you add a base to an acid _____

A

Stays pink

Flashes pink