Bacterial genetics

Question 1

DNA nucleotides

Answer 1

2 Purines (AG)
2 Pyrimidine (CT)

Question 2

DNA nucleotides held by which bond

Answer 2

Hydrogen

Question 3

RNA Nucleotides

Answer 3

2 Purines (AG)
2 Pyrimidine (CU)

Question 4

Types of Mutation

Answer 4

Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation

Question 5

Classification of Point Mutation

Answer 5

Transition - Purine replaced by purine or Pyrimidine replaced by Pyrimidine
Transversion - Purine replaced by Pyrimidine or vice versa

Question 6

Types of Point Mutation

Answer 6

Silence Mutation
Missense Mutation eg SCA
Non-sense Mutation Eg Beta Thalassemia

Question 7

Frameshift Mutation means

Answer 7

Shift in frame
Deletion of nucleotides or addition of nucleotide

Question 8

Methods of Gene transfer in Bacteria

Answer 8

Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation

Question 9

Who first identified Transformation method

Answer 9

Griffith

Question 10

Transformation method is finally rediscovered by

Answer 10

Avery, McLeod and McCarty

Question 11

How bacteria transfers gene by Transformation method

Answer 11

Transfer of free DNA
uptake of soluble DNA fragments by bacteria

Question 12

Mediator in Transduction process

Answer 12

Bacteriophage

Question 13

Transduction process is first demonstrated in which organism

Answer 13

Salmonella

Question 14

Transduction is most common method of drug resistance in which organism

Answer 14

S. Aureus

Question 15

Bacteriophage cycle

Answer 15

Lytic cycle - break and come out
Lysogenic cycle - combined with bacteria

Question 16

Types of Bacteriophage

Answer 16

Virulent phage - Follow only lytic cycles
Eg T1,T2 phage of Ecoli
Temperate Phage - Follow both lytic and Lysogenic cycle
Eg Lambda phage of Cycle

Question 17

Types of Transduction

Answer 17

Specialised Transduction
Generalized Transduction

Question 18

Cycle followed in Generalized Transduction

Answer 18

Lytic cycle

Question 19

Cycle followed in Specialized Transduction

Answer 19

Lysogenic cycle

Question 20

Generalized Transduction occurs due to

Answer 20

Mispackaging

Question 21

Specialised Transduction occurs due to

Answer 21

Defective excision during induction of a prophage

Question 22

Generalized Transduction is mediated by which bacteriophage

Answer 22

Virulent or temperate phage

Question 23

Specialised Transduction is mediated by which phage

Answer 23

Temperate Phage only

Question 24

Conjugation method is first demonstrated by

Answer 24

Leduberg and Tatum in Ecoli

Question 25

Most common mode of MDR is done by which method

Answer 25

Conjugation

Question 26

M/C. Bacterial resistance in which method

Answer 26

Conjugation Except S Aureus - Transduction S. Pneumoniae - Transformation

Question 27

Plasmid means

Answer 27

Extrachromosomal circular dsDNA

Question 28

When plasmid combines with Host cell DNA, termed as

Answer 28

Episone

Question 29

Types of Plasmid

Answer 29

Virulence Plasmid Fertility Plasmid Resistance Plasmids Col Plasmids - code for Bacteriocin

Question 30

Types of Plasmid based on Transfer

Answer 30

Conjugate Plasmid Non Conjugate Plasmid

Question 31

Conjugate Plasmid is

Answer 31

Transferred vertically as well as Horizontally

Question 32

Non Conjugative Plasmid

Answer 32

Only transferred Vertically (Bacteria to offspring)

Question 33

F Plasmid

Answer 33

Fertility factor F+ Male F- Female

Question 34

Hfr means

Answer 34

DNA and Plasmid combined with each other

Question 35

F' MEANS

Answer 35

Plasmid separated along with DNA

Question 36

F+ X F-

Answer 36

F+F+

Question 37

F+ X F-

Answer 37

F+F+

Question 38

Hfr X F-

Answer 38

F-

Question 39

F' x F-

Answer 39

F'F'

Question 40

Types of Drug Resistance

Answer 40

Transferrable Drug Resistance Mutational Drug resistance

Question 41

Which type of drug resistance is more dangerous

Answer 41

Transferrable Drug resistance - Difficult to treat

Question 42

Mutational Drug resistance

Answer 42

Due to single mutation Easier to treat

Question 43

Restriction endonuclease are produced by bacteria for

Answer 43

Defense against foreign bacteria

Question 44

Cofactor of Restriction endonuclease

Answer 44

Mg+2

Question 45

Bacteria protects it own genome from Restriction endonuclease by

Answer 45

Methylation

Question 46

CRISPR-CAS9 is

Answer 46

Bacterial defense against virus infection

Question 47

CRISPR-CAS9 Full form

Answer 47

Clustered Regularly Interspaces short Palindromic repeats