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Flagellates And Hemoflagellates Flashcards

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1
Q

Flagellates includes

A

Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis

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2
Q

Which is the most common parasitic infection in world and most commonly found in stool

A

Giardia lamblia

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3
Q

Habitat of Giardia lamblia

A

Mucosa of duodenum and upper ileum

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4
Q

Infective stage of Giardia lamblia

A

Cyst

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5
Q

Infective dose of Giardia lamblia

A

Small dose - 10-25

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6
Q

Route of infection of Giardia lamblia

A

Feco oral route

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7
Q

Giardia lamblia attaches to duodenum with the help of

A

Sucking disk
Lectin Antigen

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8
Q

Attachment of Giardia lamblia to duodenum results in

A

Blunting of villi - Malabsorption (Vit B12, FA, Protein)
Iron deficiency anemia
Disaccharide enzymes -

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9
Q

Life cycle of Giardia lamblia

A

Ingestion of dormant cysts - Excystation( Trophozoite emerges) - Trophozoites undergoes asexual reproduction - both trophozoites and cyst in feces - Only cyst can survive outside host (human) - can survive weeks to month in cold water - Ingestion

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10
Q

Sample and Trophozoites in M/E in Giardia Lamblia

A

Sample - Stool (3 consecutive days)
M/E - Trophozoites: Pear/tennis racket appearance, attaches by suckling disc
2 nuclei
4 pairs of Flagella

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11
Q

Cyst of Giardia lamblia on M/E

A

1-4 nuclei
No Flagella

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12
Q

Which test is done im case of Giardia lamblia to do pull out Duodenal contents

A

String test/Enterotest

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13
Q

Other diagnosis methods of Giardia lamblia and gold standard

A

Copro antigen detection
Antibody
Gold standard - PCR

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14
Q

Giardia lamblia appearance on Duodenal biopsy

A

Luminal organism - Sickle shaped Organism in lumen

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15
Q

Giardia lamblia shows which type of Motility

A

Falling leaf Motility

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16
Q

Treatment of Giardia lamblia

A

DOC - Metronidazole or Tinidazole

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17
Q

Most common cause of STD and Non Gonococcal urethritis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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18
Q

Mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Sexual

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19
Q

Reservoir in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Female

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20
Q

Infective and diagnostic forms of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trophozoite only
Cyst -ve

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21
Q

IP and Clinical features seen in males in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

IP - 4 to 28 days
C/F - Urethritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis

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22
Q

Clinical features seen in females in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Strawberry cervix/Colpitis macularis
Greenish discharge

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23
Q

Structure of Trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis on M/E

A

Only one nucleus
4 ant Flagella
1 post flagella with undulating membrane

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24
Q

Motility seen in case of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Jerky/twitching Motility

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25
Culture medium used for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis
Lash cysteine Hydrosylate medium Trussell and Johnson medium Diamond medium
26
Site commonly affected in case of Trichomonas vaginalis
Genitals
27
Hemoflagellates includes
Leishmania Trypanosoma
28
Development stages or morphological forms in case of Hemoflagellates
APET Amastigote Promastigote Epimastigote Trypomastigote
29
Protozoan bodies seen in case of Hemoflagellates
Parabasal body and Blepharoplast - Kinetoplast
30
Kinetoplast position in comparison to nucleus and exception
Present anterior to nucleus Except - Trypomastigote - have Post nuclear Kinetoplast
31
BET CATE LAP Mnemonic
BET - Brucii Epimastigote Trypomastigote CATE - T. Cruzi, Amastigote, Trypomastigote, Epimastigote LAP - Leishmania Amastigote Promastigote
32
Trypanosomes are divided into
2 groups Salivaria - organism passed in saliva Ex - T Brucii Stercoraria - insect passes organism in feces Ex - T Cruzii
33
Trypanosoma Cruzii AKA
South American Trypanosomiasis
34
Definitive and intermediate host in Case of Trypanosoma cruzii
Definitive - Man Intermediate - Reduvid bug/Triatomine bug (nocturnal) AKA Kissing bug
35
Reservoir in case of T Cruzii infection
Armadillo/Cat/dog/pig
36
Infective form in case of T Cruzii
Trypomastigote
37
Mnemonic for T Cruzzii
Rich American couple Merc Benz Cruise Rome (kiss) Jhakaas life Bade log badi baatein
38
Morphological forms seen in insect and Adults human during life cycle of T Cruzii
TAT In insect - Epimastigotes Adult human - Amastigotes
39
Sites commonly affected in case of Acute Chagas disease
Chagoma( entry site edema) Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly
40
Specific sign seen in case of Acute Chagas disease
Romana sign - periorbital edema
41
Sites affected in case of Chronic Chagas disease
Myocarditis, Dilated CM Megaesophagus (Achalasia cardia) Megacolon Brain - Meningoencephalitis
42
Sample taken in case of T Cruzii infection
Blood/buffy coat
43
Microscopic finding in case of T Cruzii
Trypomastigote - post. Nucleus Kinetoplast
44
Culture media used in case of T Cruzii
NNN (Novy Nicolle McNeal)
45
DOC in case of T Cruzii
Benznidazole Symptomatic treatment
46
Trypanosoma Brucie includes which organisms
T.B Gambiense T.B Rhodesiense
47
T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense AKA
Gambiense - West African Sleeping sickness Rhodesiense - East African Sleeping sickness
48
Vector for T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense
Tse Tse fly
49
Primary Reservoir in case of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense
Gambiense - Human Rhodesiense - Animals
50
Clinical features in case of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense
Gambiense - Chronic CNS Disease, Winterbottom sign - Post cervical Lymphadenopathy Rhodesiense - Myocarditis
51
Parasitemia, virulence and Resistance is more in which Trypanosoma Brucei species
more in T.B Rhodesiense
52
Treatment of T.B Gambiense and T.B Rhodesiense
Gambiense - Pentamidine Rhodesiense - Suramine
53
Sample taken in case of Trypanosoma Brucie and finding
Blood/CSF - Trypomastigote
54
Culture media used in case of Trypanosoma Brucie
Weinmann's medium
55
Examples of Parasites causing Myocarditis
TTTTE Trichinella species T. Cruzii T.B Rhodesiense Toxoplasma gondii Echinococcus
56
Vector in case of Leishmania
Sandfly
57
Infective and diagnostic forms in case of Leishmania
Infective form - Promastigote Diagnostic form - Amastigote (LD Bodies)
58
Disease caused by Leishmania
Kala Azar
59
Clinical features seen in Kala azar
Massive Hepatosplenomegaly Blackening of skin Scaly skin Dark and ashen skin Night sweats Severe temp. Or irregular bouts Bleeding Cough Weakness/weight loss
60
Life cycle of Leishmania Donovani
Human - Promastigote transform into Amastigotes - multiply in cells or various tissues - Sandfly takes a blood meal (ingests Amastigotes) - Amastigotes transform into Promastigote in gut - divide and migrate to Proboscis - Sandfly inject Promastigote into humans skin
61
Sample taken in case of Leishmania
Spleen aspiration - most sensitive but extremely vascular can result in bleeding Bone marrow - most preferred Blood BAL (HIV)
62
M/E finding in case of Leishmania
Amastigote (LD- Leishman Donovan Bodies) - Absent flagella, Nucleus Kinetoplasm
63
Blood test preformed in case of Leishmania
Pancytopenia Hypergammaglobunemia - Napier's Aldehyde test, Chopra's antimony test
64
Skin test performed in case of Leishmania
Montenegro test (Type 4 HS)
65
Culture media used in case of Leishmania
NNN (Novy Nicolle McNeal) medium
66
Treatment or Leishmania
Liposomal Amphotericin B
67
Post Kala azar Dermal Leishmaniasis seen after how many years of treatment and C/F
1 to 2 years after treatment C/F - Hypopigmented nodules
68
DOC in case of Post Kala azar Leishmaniasis
Miltefosine
69
Leishmania tropica causes
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - erythematous border, exudate in centre
70
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis AKA
Oriental sore/Delhi boil/Baghdad boil/Chiclero ulcer
71
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Sodium stibogluconate
72
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis/Espudia is caused by
Leishmania Bransiliensis
73
Treatment of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Sodium stibogluconate
74
Leishmaniasis Recidivans AKA and C/F
Relapsing Leishmaniasis Often due to inadequate treatment Nodular lesions or rash around Central healing

Microbiology (37 decks)

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