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Microbiology > Gram Negative Bacteria Part 2 > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Klebsiella

A

K. Pneumoniae/Friedlanders bacillus
K. Ozoenae
K. Rhinoscleromatis
K. Granulomatis

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2
Q

K. Pneumonia causes

A

Community acquired pneumonia, HAP, VAP
COPD (Superadded infection)
UTI (Catheter Associated)
Septicemia

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3
Q

K. Ozoenae is known to cause

A

Ozaenae or Atrophic Rhinitis
Foul smelly discharge
Merciful anosmia

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4
Q

K Rhinoscleromatis is known to cause

A

Rhinoscleroma

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5
Q

Gross and Microscopic Findings of Rhinoscleroma

A

Grossly - Hebra/woody nose
M/E - Mikulicz cells and Russell body

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6
Q

K. Granulomatis known to cause

A

AKA : Donovanosis
Painless Genital ulcers

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7
Q

Microscopic Findings of K. Granulomatis infection

A

Donovan bodies - Pund cells
Safety pin appearance

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8
Q

HVPK means

A

Hyperviscous Hypervirulent strain of K pneumoniae
Very virulent
CAP, Meningitis, Sepsis
Resistant to treatment

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9
Q

MacConkey agar finding for K pneumoniae

A

Lactose fermenter +
Pink + mucoid colony (String test +ve)

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10
Q

Klebsiella is Urease positive or negative

A

Positive

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11
Q

IMVIC test in case of K pneumoniae

A

–++

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12
Q

Urease positive organisms

A

PUNCH KISS
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Cryptococcus
Helicobacter
Kleibsiella
Staph Saprophyticus
Staph Epidermidis

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13
Q

Klebsiella mnemonic

A

KLEbsiELLA
Capsulated
Lactose fermenter
Enzyme urease +ve
Non motile

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14
Q

Treatment of K pneumoniae infections

A

Piperacillin + Tazobactam
For XDR strains - Only antibiotic useful is Colistin or Polymyxin (very expensive)

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15
Q

Serratia Marcescens used to transmitted by contaminated

A

Iv lines
Surgical instruments
Antiseptic solutions

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16
Q

Serratia Marcescens causes

A

Pneumonia (Pseudohemoptysis) - Red cough or sputum)
Contact lens keratitis (Pink hypopyon)
Meningitis
CVS Problems
Septicemia

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17
Q

Pigment seen in Serratia Marcescens

A

Non diffusible Red pigment at room temperature (Prodigiosin)

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18
Q

SeRRatia mnemonic

A

S - Swarming, surgical instruments
R - Red color pigment
R - Room temperature

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19
Q

Tribe Proteae includes

A

PPM
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

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20
Q

Which Proteae Families are Urease positive

A

Proteus
Morganella

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21
Q

Which Proteae Families are PPA +ve

A

Phenyl pyuric acid testing
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

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22
Q

Proteus features

A

Can take any shape (Pleomorphic bacteria)
Gram -ve bacilli
Non capsulated
Swarming motility

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23
Q

Swarming motility is seen in

A

PVCS
P - Proteus
V- Vibrio Parahemolyticus and Alginolyticus
C - C Tetani, B. Cereus
S - Serratia

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24
Q

Swarming can be inhibited by

A

Firm agar (5% agar)
Chemicals (boric acid and chloral hydrate)
MacConkey agar (bile salts +ve)

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25
Q

Epidemiological typing of Proteus shows which phenomenon

A

Diene’s phenomenon
In same strains - Swarming merge
In different strains - line of demarcation

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26
Q

Uses of Proteus

A

Non motile strains of Proteus (OX2, OX19 AND OXK) - used for Weil Felix test

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27
Q

Treatment of Proteus infection

A

Resistance ++
P. Mirabilis - Ampicillin, Cephalosporin sensitive

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28
Q

PrOteUS Mnemonic

A

PPA +ve, Diene’s Phenomenon
Odour - Fish
Urease +ve
Swarming

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29
Q

Morganella is known to cause

A

Food poisioning (Uncooked fish)
AKA - Scombroid food Poisioning

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30
Q

Tribe Erwinieae includes

A

Erwinieae herbicola - Yellow pigment, UTI

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31
Q

Yersinia includes

A

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis

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32
Q

Which yersinia species belongs to Enterobacteriacea family

A

Y. Enterocolitica
Y. Pseudotuberculosis

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33
Q

Yersinia Shows which motility

A

Differential motility (motile at 22°C, non motile at 37°C) expect Y pestis - non-motile

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34
Q

Differential motility is shown by

A

Listeria
Yersinosis except Y pestis

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35
Q

Yersinosis causes which diseases

A

1)Self limiting gasteroenteritis
2)Mesenteric adenitis, Terminal ileitis(child) - mimics appendicitis (Pseudoappendicitis)
3)Adults - Systemic diseases

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36
Q

Culture findings for Yersinosis

A

MacConkey agar - Y. Enterocolitica can show Lactose fermentation
Differential motility

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37
Q

Cold enrichment is shown by

A

Yersinosis
Listeriosis

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38
Q

Yersinia pestis causes

A

Plague

39
Q

Reservoir and vector of Plague

A

Reservoir - wild rodents
Vector - Rat flea

40
Q

Life cycle of yersinia pestis

A

Flea gets infected from Rat - enters stomach - Multiplies(Replication) - come back and block proventriculus of flea - Regurgitates in blood meal

41
Q

Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis

A

Protein envelope F1 antigen (Protein capsule)
V,W antigen
Toxin - Endotoxin Murine toxin

42
Q

Cycles of Plague

A

Urban/domestic - Rodents and humans
Wild/Sylvatic - Wild rodents only

43
Q

Types of Plague

A

Bubonic plague - painful Lymph node enlargement
Pneumonic Plague
Septicemic - Black death(DIC, Shock, multiple organ failure)

44
Q

Microscopic Findings seen in Yersinia pestis infection

A

Safety pin appearance

45
Q

Stain used for Yersinia pestis infection

A

Wayson stain(NMB stain) or Wright/Giemsa stain

46
Q

Safety pin appearance can be seen in

A

Yersinia pestis
Vibrio Parahemolyticus
Burkholdiera Mallei and Pseudomallei
Hemophilus ducreyi
Klebsiella granulomatis

47
Q

Culture finding of Y pestis on CIN Agar

A

Bull’s eye colonies

48
Q

Culture finding of Y pestis on nutrient broth (Ghee broth)

A

Stalactite growth (hangs from surface)

49
Q

Culture finding of Y pestis on blood/chocolate agar

A

Dark brown colonies

50
Q

Yersinia pestis is Catalse and Oxidase

A

Catalase +ve
Oxidase -ve

51
Q

Y. Pestis shows which fermentation

A

Glucose, Maltose and Mannitol
Acid +, Gas -

52
Q

IMVIC Test result for Y pestis infection

A

-+–

53
Q

Serological tests for Y pestis

A

Passive hemagglutination - antibodiy against F1

54
Q

Vaccine used for Y. Pestis

A

Sokhey’s modification of Hoffkine vaccine
Recombinant F1V vaccine

55
Q

Sokhey’s modification of Hoffkine vaccine

A

Given by s/c route
Formalin killed
Protects only against Bubonic plague
Protection for 6 months

56
Q

Recombinant F1V vaccine is used for

A

Pre exposure prophylaxis

57
Q

Treatment of Plague

A

Streptomycin
If CNS, lung, heart involvement - Fluoroquinolones

58
Q

Which scheme is used to classify Salmonella

A

Kaufmann and white scheme

59
Q

Antigens of Salmonella

A

O (Somatic)
H (Flagella)
Vi

60
Q

Which antigen of Salmonella is more immunogenic

A

H antigen

61
Q

O (Somatic antigen)

A

SomatiC
Slow reactions
Chalks granular clumps

62
Q

H (Flagella) antigen

A

FLagella
Fast
Loose fluffy clumps

63
Q

Vi Antigen

A

Envelops O antigen
Used for vaccination
Heat labile

64
Q

O antigen in Salmonella species

A

Same for S. Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B

65
Q

H (Flagella) antigen in Salmonella species

A

Different In every species
Th (S. Typhi)
Ah (S. Paratyphi A)
Bh (S Paratyphi B)

66
Q

If H antigen lost then

A

There will be loss of Flagella

67
Q

If O Antigen is lost then

A

Smooth to rough variation - Loss of virulence

68
Q

Salmonella typhi causes

A

Enteric fever or Typhoid fever

69
Q

Mode of transmission of S. Typhi

A

Feco-oral route

70
Q

Pathogenesis of S. Typhi

A

Enters intestine and binds to M cells - penetrates submucosa - Resist intracellular killing - mesenteric LN - via thoracic duct (1° bacteremia) - Organs - Again blood (2° bacteremia)

71
Q

Types of Carriers of Salmonella

A

Shed bacilli in feces/urine
Convalescent Carrier (3 wk to 3 months)
Temporary Carrier ( 3 months to 1 year)
Chronic carrier (>1 year)

72
Q

Clinical features of Typhoid or Enteric fever

A

SLeeP With FROSt
Step ladder pattern fever
Longitudinal ulcers (GIT)
Pea soup diarrhea
Fever with Bradycardia (Fagets sign)
Soft palpable spleen , liver
Rose spots (2nd-3rd wk) - fades on pressure
Wbc - relative lymphocytosis

73
Q

Best Diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Typhoid fever on basis of weeks

A

BASU
wk 1 Blood culture
Wk 2 - Antibody (Widal test)
Wk 3 - Stool culture)
Wk 4 - urine culture

74
Q

Blood culture for diagnosis of Typhoid fever

A

Bile broth or glucose broth can be used
Add SPS (Sodium Polyanethol sulfonate) to remove antibiotic effect

75
Q

Medium used for blood culture in Typhoid fever

A

Castaneda medium

76
Q

Biologically false Widal test can be seen in

A

Infectious mononucleosis
Malaria
SLE

77
Q

Antibody titres against O and H Antigen in Widal test

A

O - >1:60
H - >1:180

78
Q

Principle of Widal test

A

O antigen (same in all)
H antigen - ST, SPTa, SPTb
To Th Ah Bh
O-H-O-H
O - First appear
H - next appear
O - first disappear
H - last to disappear

79
Q

To Positive in

A

S typhi
S Paratyphi A
S Paratyphi B
Early infection

80
Q

Th Antigen positive in

A

S. Typhi
Late infection
Vaccine

81
Q

Ah positive in

A

S Paratyphi A
Vaccine

82
Q

Bh Positive in

A

Paratyphi B
Vaccine

83
Q

New test for Typhoid fever

A

Typhidot
Dot blot test

84
Q

Enrichment media and Selective media are same for Salmonella and Shigella except

A

Wilson and Blair media - best media for S. Typhi

85
Q

Colonies produced on Wilson and Blair media

A

Jet black colonies

86
Q

IMVIC test for Salmonella

A

-+-+

87
Q

Vaccines against Typhoid fever

A

Live oral vaccine (Typhoral) - Ty21a
Vi vaccine (Typhim Vi) - Ty2 vaccine

88
Q

Salmonella gastroenteritis is caused by

A

Non typhoidal salmonella

89
Q

Most common cause of Salmonella gastroenteritis

A

S. Typhimurium > S. Enteritidis

90
Q

Source and incubation period of Salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Source - Food (meat, milk)
Incubation period - <24 hrs

91
Q

Clinical features of salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Fever
Vomiting
Invasive Diarrhea

92
Q

Salmonella septicemia is caused by

A

S. Choleraesius

93
Q

Motile organisms of Enterobacteriacea family

A

E Coli
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Salmonella
Proteus
Yersinosis

94
Q

Lactose and Non lactose fermenters of Enterobacteriacea family

A

Lactose fermenters - Ecoli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter
Non lactose fermenters - Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia

Microbiology (37 decks)

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