Cestodes Flashcards by Richhpal Singh

Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes AKA

Cestodes - Tapeworm
Trematodes - Flukes
Nematodes - worms

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Which helminths have body cavity and Alimentary canal

Nematodes

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Which helminth have segmentation

Cestodes

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Sexes of Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes

Cestodes and Trematodes - Hermaphrodites
Nematodes - Dioceous (males and females separate)

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Sexual reproduction happens in which type of host

Definitive host

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Asexual reproduction happens in which type of host

Intermediate host

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In parasitemic host

Larval stage survives
No development
Only transmission

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Man is intermediate host in which parasitemic infections

BEST TOP
Babesia
Echinococcus
Sarcocystis
Taenia solium
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium

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Types of host in parasitic infections

Definitive host
Intermediate host
Parasitemic host
Accidental host/dead end host

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Types of Biological vectors

Propagative
Cyclopropagative
Cyclodevelopmental

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Propagative biological vectors features and example

Replication + , No development
Ex - Yersinia in rat flea

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Cyclopropagative Biological vectors feature and Example

Replication + , Development +
Ex. Plasmodium, Babesia

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Cyclodevelopmental Biological vectors feature and Examples

No Replication, Development +
Ex - Wucheraria, Leishmania, Trypanosoma

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Microscopic methods used for Stool sample processing

Saline mount
I2 mount (Trophozoites are immobilized)

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Concentration technique methods

Saturation salt floatation technique
Formol ether Sedimentation technique

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Cestodes features and AKA

Segmented
AKA Tapeworm

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Cestodes includes which organisms

Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis Diminuta
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus

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No. Of Suckers in Cestodes species

All have 4 suckers except Diphyllobothrium latum - 2 suctorial grooves or bothria (No suckers)

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Which Cestodes species don’t have hooks

TaTaTa
T. Saginta
H. Diminuta
Diphyllobothrium lata

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No. of Hooks in T. Solium

2 rows of hooks

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No. Of hooks in H. Nana

Single row of 20-30 hooks

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No. Of hooks in Echinococcus granulosus

2 rows of hooks

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Examples of Intestinal Cestodes

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
H. Nana
D. Latum

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Examples of somatic cestodes

Echinococcus
T. Solium
T. Multiceps
Spirometra

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Which is the smallest tapeworm

H. Nana

Which is the longest Tapeworm

D Latum

Definitive host in case of Cestodes

Man in all except Echinococcus - dog

All cestodes needs how many hosts and exceptions

All need 2 hosts except H. Nana - single host (Human) D. Latum - 3 host

Eggs seen in case of Cestodes

Operculated egg - have lid on top Hexacanth embryo (6 hooklets)

Operculated eggs are seen in

STD Spirometra Trematodes except Schistosoma D. Latum

H. Nana features

Smallest Single host Single row hooklets M/C Cestodes infection

D. Latum features

Longest 3 host Leaf shape No suckers (2 grooves), no hooks

Definitive, 1st and 2nd intermediate host in case of D Latum

Definitive - Human 1st intermediate - Cyclops 2nd intermediate - Fish

Larval stages in D. Latum

CPP L1 - Coracidium L2 - Procercoid L3 - Plerocercoid

Infective form in case of D. Latum

Plerocercoid

Human gets infected with D. Latum by eating

Raw or undercooked infected fish

Clinical features of D Latum infection

Abdominal pain Nausea Anemia - Bothriocephalus anemia (B12 deficiency)

Eggs seen in case of D. Latum

Operculated eggs - Lid +

Treatment of D. Latum infection

Praziquantel

Hooks and suckers in T. Saginata and T. Solium

T. Saginata - 4 suckers, no hooks T. Solium - 4 suckers, 2 rows of hooklets

Length of T. Saginata and T. Solium

T. Saginata - 5 to 10m T. Solium - 2 to 3m

Scolex in T. Saginata

Large quadrate Rostellum and hooks are absent Suckers may be pigmented

Scolex in T. Solium

Small and globular Rostellum and hooks are present Suckers not pigmented

No. Of proglottids in case of T. Saginata and T. Solium

T. Saginata - 1000 to 2000 T. Solium - Below 1000

Uterus in T. Saginata

Lateral branches - 15 to 30 on each side, thin and dichotomous

Uterus in T. Solium

Lateral branches, 5 to 10 on each side, Thick and dendritic

Vagina is present in T. Saginata or Solium

Present in T. Saginata

Definitive and intermediate host in T. Saginata

Definitive - human Intermediate - Cattle

Definitive and intermediate host in T. solium

Definitive - human Intermediate - Pigs

Larva seen in T. Saginata

Cysticercous bovis - present in cow not in man

Larva in T. Solium

Cysticercous Cellulosae - present in both pig and human

Which one's egg is infective to human - T. Saginata or solium

T. Solium

Infection caused by T Saginata

Intestinal infection

Infection caused by T solium

Intestinal infection + Cysticercosis

Cysticercosis is caused due to

Eggs of taenia solium

In Cysticercosis eggs penetrate which organs and most commonly affected organs

Eggs - penetrate GIT - organs CNS > muscle > Eye

Most common site affected and M/C presentation in Neurocysticercosis

M/C site - Brain Parenchyma M/C presentation - Seizures

Others sites affected in Neurocysticercosis and Clinical features

Intraventricular - Hydrocephalus Subarachnoid space - Meningitis

Lab diagnosis finding in case Of T Saginata

Stool examination - eggs - Hexacanth embryo (6 hooklets) Concentration methods like formal ether Sedimentation technique

Cysticercosis diagnosis

Biopsy X ray - s/c tissue/muscle CT - Calcified cyst ELISA

Treatment of T. Solium and Saginata infections

Praziquantel

Hosts in T. Multiceps

Definitive - Dog Intermediate - Sheep Dead end - Man

Taenia saginata asiatica features

Same as T. Saginata except intermediate host - pig (not cow)

Echinococcus granulosus AKA

Dog tapeworm

Suckers and rows in Echinococcus granulosus

4 suckers 2 rows of hooklets

Hosts in Echinococcus granulosus

Definitive - Dog, wolf Intermediate - Sheep, horse Accidental - man

Echinococcus granulosus causes

Hydatid cyst - multiple pearly white cysts

Hydatid cyst fluid features

pH - 6.7 Salts Antigenic - anaphylaxis (FNAC C/I)

Layers of Hydatid cyst

Pericyst - Host derived (inflam. Cells) Ectocyst - Paint Brush Appearance Endocyst - broad capsule

Hooklets of hydatid cyst is +ve for which stain

ZN stain

M/C and 2nd M/C site of Hydatid cyst

M/C - Liver (Right side) - Hepatosplenomegaly, Portal HTN 2nd M/C site - Lungs (Cough, chest pain) Others

Sign seen on imaging in case of Hydatid cyst

Water lily sign

Cyst fluid examination in Hydatid cyst

Presence of hooklets (acid fast) - ZN stain +ve

New diagnosis method used in case of Hydatid cyst

Arc5 immunoelectrophoresis

Treatment of Hydatid cyst

PAIR Puncture Aspirate Injection - 95% Ethanol (scolicidal agent) Reaspirate

Echinococcus Multilocularis AKA and clinical Presentation and sites involved

AKA Alveolar hydatid cyst - multiple locules M/C site - Liver 2nd M/C - Lungs

Hosts in Echinococcus Multilocularis

Definitive - Dog,wolf Intermediate - Rodents Accidental - Human

Hymenolepis Nana AKA

Dwarf tapeworm

Most common cestodes infection

H. Nana

Host in H. Nana

Single host - humans only

Hooks and suckers in H Nana

4 suckers Single row of hooklets

Clinical features of H. Nana infection

Abdominal pain Nausea, vomiting

Treatment of H Nana

Praziquantel

H. Diminuta AKA

Rat Tapeworm

Hosts in case of H. Diminuta

2 host - Human and rat