Mycology Part 1 Flashcards by Richhpal Singh

Tenia versicolor is caused by

Malassezia furfur

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Malassezia furfur belongs to which group based on Morphology

Yeast like

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Wood lamp examination finding in case of Tinea versicolor

Yellow fluorescence

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Superficial Mycosis is caused by

Tinea versicolor - Malassezia furfur
Dermatophytes
Coccidioidomycosis

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Clinical features of Tinea versicolor

Hypopigmented lesions on trunk ,back

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On Microscopic examination with 10-20%. KOH mount, Malassezia furfur shows which appearance

Spaghetti and meatball appearance or Banana and grapes appearance

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Malassezia furfur finding on culture

SDA with Olive oil - Fried egg colonies - On M/E(LPCB Stain) - Spaghetti and meatball appearance

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Treatment of Tinea versicolor

Topical - 10% Sulfur ointment
1-2% Imidazole creams
Systemic : Itraconazole, Fluconazole

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Fried egg appearance seen in Microbiology

Malassezia furfur
Mycoplasma

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Fried egg appearance seen in Pathology

Oligodendroglioma
Seminoma/Dysgerminoma
Bone marrow biopsy - Hairy cell leukemia

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Tinea Nigra is caused by

Hortae Werneckii - brown/black
Halophilic

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Tinea nigra on KOH shows which color

Brown color

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Clinical features of Tinea nigra

Usually seen in fisherman
Brownish/Black spots on palm and soles

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Treatment of Tinea nigra

Topical Imidazole

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Types of Piedra

Affects hair follicles
White Piedra
Black Piedra

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White Piedra is caused by

Trichosporon Beigelii

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Black Piedra is caused by

Piedraia Hortae

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Treatment of Piedra

Cut/Shave hair
Topical Imidazole

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Dermatophytosis AKA and Classification

AKA Tineasis
TME
Trichophyton - skin, hair,nails
Microsporum - skin, hair
Epidermophyton - skin, Nails

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Classification of Dermatophytes

Anthropophilic
Zoophilic
Geophilic

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Anthropophilic Dermatophytes includes which organisms

T. Rubrum
T. Tonsurans
T. Schoenleinii
T. Violaceum
M. Audounii

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Zoophilic Dermatophytes includes which organisms

T. Equinum
M. Equinum
M. Canis
T. Verrucosum

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Geophilic Dermatophytes includes which organisms

T. Terrestre
M. Gypseum

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Tinea capitis

Scalp involvement

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Tinea Favus features and causative agent

Crust (Scutula) on head Caused by T. Schoenleinii

Kerion

Boggy swelling on head

Tinea Faciei and Tinea barbae

T faciei - face involvement T. Barbae - Beard involvement

Tinea Corpus

Trunk involvement

Tinea imbricata

Causes Concentric lesions

Tinea unguium

Nail bed involvement

Tinea cruris

Groin involvement (Dhobi/Jock itch)

Tinea pedis

Foot involvement (Athlete's foot)

Type of spores seen in Dermatophytes

Arthrospores

Arthrospores are classified into

Ectothrix - Arthrospores are outside the hair shaft Endothrix - Arthrospores are inside the hair shaft

Examples of Ectothrix Arthrospores

M. Canis M. Audouinii

Examples of Endothrix Arthrospores

TVS T. Tonsurans T. Violaceum T. Schoenleinii

Shape of Macroconidia seen in Dermatophytes

TME - Pretty Sharma channel Trichophyton - Pencil shape Microsporum - Spindle shape Epidermophyton - Club shape

Maximum and Minimum Microconidia seen in which Dermatophytes

Trichophyton - +++(Max.) Microsporum - ++ Epidermophyton - +/- (least)

Hair perforation test done in Dermatophytes to differentiate in between

T. Rubrum and T. Mentagrophytes T Rubrum - Negative test (No perforation) T. Mentagrophytes - Positive (Wedge shaped perforations)

Hair perforation test procedure

Incubate hair with yeast and fungus for 2-3 weeks

ID reaction or Dermatophytids shows

Satellite lesions away from the original lesion

T. Rubrum is known to cause

Onychomycosis

Treatment of Dermatophytes infection

Topical antifungal (azole derivatives) Itraconazole/Terbinafine

DOC for Tinea capitis

Oral Griseofulvin

Subcutaneous Mycosis is caused by which organisms

MRCS Mycetoma Rhinosporidiosis Chromoblastomycosis Sporotrichosis

Mycetoma clinical feature

Foot with multiple discharging sinuses

Causative organisms of Actinomycetoma and Eumycetoma

Actinomycetoma - Bacteria G +ve Ex - Actinomadura madurae Eumycetoma - Fungus Ex - Madurella Mycetomatis

Granules of Actinomycetoma

Red - Actinomadura Palleitieri White/ yellow - Nocardia, Streptomyces, Actinomadura

Granules in Eumycetoma

Brown - Madurella Exiophiala White - Aeremonium, Pseudallescheria Boydii

Treatment of Actinomycetoma and Eumycetoma

Actinomycetoma - Cotrimoxazole +/- Amikacin for 6-12 months Eumycetoma - Surgical compensation

Microscopic finding of Actinomycetes

Sunray appearance

Spleudore Hoepplei phenomenon is shown by which organisms

Actinomycetes Sporothrix schenkii

Rhinosporidiosis is caused by

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Sites affected in Rhinosporidiosis

Nasal Cavity - Strawberry nasal polyp (Gross) Rare sites - genital, eyes

Microscopic finding in Rhinosporidiosis

Endospores +

Examples of Non cultivable Fungus

Rhinosporidiosis Pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci

Treatment of Rhinosporidiosis

Polypectomy

Chromoblastomycosis AKA

Verrucous dermatitis

Chromoblastomycosis route of transmission

Traumatic inoculation of organism

Growth seen in Chromoblastomycosis

Warty cauliflower like growth

Chromoblastomycosis is commonly seen in

Forest workers - walking barefoot

Microscopic finding in Chromoblastomycosis

Copper penny bodies/Sclerotic body/Madlar body/Muriform body

Organisms responsible to cause Chromoblastomycosis

Fonsecaea pedrosi and F. Compacta Exophiala Phialphora Cladophialophora

Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis

Amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine Recently Voriconazole Wide surgical resection Laser if needed (Cryotherapy)

Dimorphic fungus morphologies

2 Morphologies Yeast @37°C Mold/Hyphae @25°C

Examples of Dimorphic fungus

Body heat probably Changes shape Blastomyces Histoplasmosis Penicillium marnefii Paracocci Iodomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Sporotrichosis

Blastomycosis is caused by

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Blastomycosis AKA

North American Blastomycosis/Gilchrist disease/Chicago disease

Appearance of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Stain

Stain - Gomori Methanamine Silver stain Appearance - Broad based budding (Figure of 8 appearance)

Treatment of Mild Blastomycosis

Fluconazole/Itraconazole

Treatment of disseminated Blastomycosis

Amphotericin B followed by Itraconazole

Histoplasmosis causative agents

Histoplasma Capsulatum var Capsulatum - American Histoplasma Capsulatum var duboisi - African

Histoplasmosis AKA

Ohio disease/Darling disease/Cave's disease/Reticuloendotheliosis(macrophages)

Reservoir in Histoplasmosis

Bat/bird droppings

Agar used in case of Histoplasmosis

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar(SDA)

Finding of Histoplasmosis on SDA Agar and stain used?

Suede colonies - LPCB Stain - Tuberculate macroconidia

Clinical features of Histoplasmosis matches with which disease

Penicillium marnefii AKA

Taloromyces Marnefii

Natural reservoir in case of Penicillin Marnefii

Bamboo rat

Pigment seen in Penicillium marnefii

Red pigment

Finding of Penicillium marnefii on LPCB stain

Brush/Broom arrangement of Conidia

Penicillium marnefii Mnemonic

Marna Rat Broom Red

Paracoccidiomycosis AKA

South American Blastomycosis

Paracoccidiomycosis is caused by

P. Bransiliensis

Appearance seen in case of Paracoccidiomycosis

Pilot wheel appearance/mariner wheel Mickey mouse appearance

Coccidioidomycosis AKA

Desert Rheumatism/Valley fever/California disease

Organism responsible for Coccidioidomycosis

C. Immitis

Mnemonic for Coccidioidomycosis

ABCD A and B - Barrel shaped Arthrospores C - Coccidioidomycosis D - Desert Rheumatism

Treatment in case of Coccidioidomycosis

Mild disease - Fluconazole/Itraconazole Disseminated - Amphotericin B followed by Itraconazole

Sporotrichosis AKA

Rose Gardener's disease/Lymphocutaneous disease

Organism responsible for Sporotrichosis

Sporothrix Schenkii

Sporotrichosis Clinical features

History of Thorn prick - ulcer/pustule/nodule + nodules along lymphatic channels

Microscopic finding in Sporotrichosis

Asteroid body (star shaped) - Spleudore Hopplei phenomenon

Sporotrichosis under LPCB Stain

Rossetes of conidia

Treatment of Sporotrichosis

Itraconazole - 3 to 6 months

Mycology Part 1 Flashcards

(95 cards)